This article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of economic-mathematical modeling of the electronic commerce system based on interval data. The study analyzes the advantages of using interval data in evaluating e-commerce indicators, the possibilities of modeling economic processes under uncertainty, and mechanisms for forecasting the efficiency of electronic commerce in the digital economy. In addition, the economic significance of decrees and resolutions adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the development of electronic commerce is highlighted. According to the research results, it is substantiated that interval modeling methods can serve to reduce risks in the electronic commerce system, increase the accuracy of forecasts, and optimize management decisions

This article considers the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation and modernization of the economic mechanism for providing financial support to non-state higher education institutions from the perspective of a systematic approach. In the context of deep institutional changes in the educational services market in developing countries, the search for optimal models for the financial sustainability of private educational corporations is becoming increasingly important. An in-depth financial and economic analysis of the structure of gross revenues, operating expenses and consolidated net profit was conducted for six major higher education market participants in the Kashkadarya region based on verified empirical data for 2025. Using applied econometric modeling methods, the author identified and estimated the short-term cost function of the private academic sector using the classical ordinary least squares (OLS) method. A highly significant correlation was found between the total operating costs and the scale of gross income of educational institutions R^2 = $0.95, p<0.001, which indicates the absence of clear economies of scale at the current stage of market institutionalization due to strict institutional constraints and market institutionalization. Conceptual frameworks for reforming the economic mechanism at the macro and meso levels are proposed, including public-private partnerships, tax subsidies, and diversification of financial flows

Investments are one of the important factors determining the level of economic growth. The article analyzes the impact of centralized, decentralized investments and investments attracted on the basis of foreign credit on ensuring economic growth in our republic, as well as their econometric modeling. The relationship between investments and the level of economic growth was also analyzed by creating a multifactor econometric model.

This article highlights the importance of introducing digital technologies and blockchain systems in increasing the efficiency of innovative processes in the activities of commercial banks and ensuring competitiveness. The role of modern information technologies, in particular blockchain platforms, in the process of digitizing the bank lending system, their functional capabilities, level of security and efficiency of use are analyzed. The article also details the trends in the digitalization of the economy, the spread of mobile and Internet services, the share of the ICT sector in GDP, and the development of e-commerce. The need to use economic and mathematical (econometric) models in assessing and forecasting economic processes is substantiated.

Ensuring sustainable and inclusive development of regional economies stands as a central challenge for contemporary economic policy and regional planning. This paper develops the theoretical foundations for econometric modeling of regional development, aiming to provide a rigorous methodological framework for quantifying growth drivers and producing reliable forecasts of regional economic performance. The primary objective is to specify and justify econometric models that capture both the long-run relationships and short-run dynamics among core regional indicators (GRDP, industrial output, retail turnover, investment inflows, employment and income levels, and institutional variables). The theoretical discussion integrates perspectives from neoclassical growth theory, endogenous growth models, institutional economics and evolutionary economics to frame the empirical strategy

The economic substance of the economyʼs primary indicators, inflation, and unemployment, as well as the dynamic indicators of these economic categories, have been investigated using economic-statistical methodologies. An econometric model was built after examining the quantitative relationship between inflation and unemployment. Modeling the impact of unemployment on inflation changes yielded predicted indicators for these variables in the coming years. 

This article examines the scientifically based methodology for taxation and valuation of real estate. In order to increase the efficiency of the taxation system, various models and valuation methods are used to determine the market value of real estate. The main attention is paid to the use of comparative, cost, and income approaches in assessing the influence of price-forming factors. Statistical analysis, expert assessment, and mathematical modeling methods are widely used in taxation and valuation of real estate. This methodology is based on the correct selection of market information and data on types of real estate, which contributes to the fair distribution of the tax burden. Also, proposals and recommendations have been developed for the implementation of methods and models of taxation and valuation of real estate in Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the development trends of communication and informatization services for the population in the Kashkadarya region and develops multifactor empirical models for forecasting these services. Based on regional statistical data, the key influencing factors are identified, and their impact on service volume is assessed using econometric methods. The study employs regression analysis, time series analysis, and modern econometric approaches in model construction. The obtained results allow forecasting the future dynamics of communication and informatization services and provide practical recommendations for sector development. The findings are significant for enhancing regional economic growth, improving digital infrastructure, and ensuring effective management of the service market

The article studies the issue of assessing the effectiveness of education quality management in higher education institutions based on the primary employment of graduates. The sharp increase in the number of institutions, students and graduates in the higher education system of Uzbekistan in 2015–2025 has increased the need to assess the quality of education not only through internal processes, but also through results in the labor market. The study establishes the primary employment of graduates by personnel customers as an external indicator of the practicality of educational programs, their compliance with the needs of employers and the effectiveness of management decisions. The econometric approach shows the possibility of assessing institutional, resource and labor market factors affecting this indicator. The results justify the need to develop education quality management through KPIs, forecasting, targeted resource allocation, and improved cooperation with employers. The results of the article have practical significance for strengthening employment monitoring and making strategic decisions

This article presents the history of the development of the theoretical foundations of the KPI system, an econometric analysis of the factors influencing the organization of the activities of tax authorities through the mahallabai system, its effectiveness, as well as the development of proposals and recommendations for their conclusion

This article develops a multiple econometric model to assess the efficiency of managing state assets in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The dependent variable is the volume of valuation services performed (Y), while the explanatory variables include the number of privatized state assets (X1), the number of certified appraisers (X2), and the initial value of intangible assets (X3). The reliability of the model was verified using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, VIF and ADF tests. The results demonstrate the significant impact of the selected factors on the volume of valuation services and confirm the model’s applicability for forecasting purposes

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of developing a management accounting system based on modern analytical methods in order to improve enterprise performance. The necessity of transforming management accounting from a traditional accounting system into a tool for analytical support of managerial decision-making is substantiated. The study employs general scientific and economic-statistical methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, and econometric modeling. A multiple regression model is proposed to assess the impact of the level of development of the management accounting system, the use of analytical methods, and the degree of digitalization of accounting processes on the integral indicator of enterprise performance. The research results demonstrate a stable positive relationship between the studied factors and performance, with modern analytical tools (KPI, factor analysis, and marginal analysis) having the greatest impact. Based on the findings, practical recommendations for improving the management accounting system have been developed, including the implementation of KPI systems, the development of analytical tools, and the integration of digital technologies. The application of the proposed approaches contributes to improving the quality of managerial decisions, optimizing costs, and ensuring sustainable enterprise development

The article describes important aspects related to modern methodological synergistic factor approaches of econometric research for the development of hotel and public catering services. In particular, a grouped system of indicators for a comprehensive economic analysis of the activities of residential and catering enterprises, a scenario for classifying the activities of enterprises according to criteria, and a scheme for the formation of a set of synergistic development factors are proposed.

This scientific study provides an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the management efficiency of free economic zones (FEZs) in the Republic of Uzbekistan, assessing their contribution to socio-economic development using mathematical modeling. Using the Jizzakh Free Economic Zone as a case study, the research identifies key factors affecting production volume from 2015 to 2024 — namely, foreign investment and employment levels. The study employs the Cobb-Douglas production function to construct a classical linear regression model, along with an autoregressive (AR) model, correlation-regression analysis, and evaluation through Fisher’s criterion, Student’s t-test, and the Durbin-Watson statistic.

The formation of an effective competitive environment in regional consumer goods markets is a key condition for sustainable economic growth, consumer welfare and innovation-driven development. This study discusses the fundamentals, structural variables and strategic mechanisms of economic modernization and market liberalization affecting the competitiveness of regional consumer goods markets. Using a combination of comparative analysis, econometric modeling and empirical research in selected regions, the study identifies key factors such as market concentration ratios, entry barriers, institutional support mechanisms and consumer demand dynamics that determine the intensity of competition. Empirical results show that regions with diversified production structures, high levels of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) activity and strong institutional arrangements have higher market efficiency and consumer satisfaction. In addition, the study highlighted the importance of digital transformation, innovation ecosystems and public-private partnerships as strategic levers for building competitive advantages in the consumer goods sector

This paper examines the impact of loyalty programs on customer loyalty in the fashion industry. A systematic literature review was conducted first, followed by an online survey of 200 respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that program participation, discounts, and mobile app usage positively influence purchasing decisions. The model’s pseudo R² of 0.48 indicates that the included variables explain over half of the variance. Findings highlight financial incentives and the convenience of digital platforms as critical drivers of customer loyalty. The study emphasizes the need to combine thorough literature review, empirical surveys, and econometric modeling to design effective loyalty programs.

The article shows the relationship between the number of items in the region's trading network and retail trade turnover, the trend of changes in the number of trading enterprises in the region and not only retail trade turnover, an indicator of the relativity of trade turnover dynamics. the economic potential of the Kashkadarya region, as well as a comparison of the relative levels of the trading network, an assessment of the general and private economic potential of the region is shown.