This article examines the system of factors determining the effectiveness of financial resource management in higher education institutions. The expansion of higher education enrollment, changes in the proportion of government-funded and tuition-based financial resources, and the growing need to finance research and innovation activities require a qualitative improvement in financial management. The purpose of the study is to systematize the factors affecting the formation, allocation, and control of financial resources and to develop an integrated assessment methodology. The research applies a systems approach, comparative analysis of regulatory and legal documents, the indicator method, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), normalization techniques, and sensitivity analysis. The findings classify the influencing factors into five interrelated groups: the institutional and regulatory environment, diversification of funding sources, the quality of internal financial management, the efficiency of resource allocation, and transparency and financial risk management. Based on these groups, a Financial Resource Management Efficiency Index for higher education institutions is proposed. The index can be used to diagnose the financial sustainability and development potential of higher education institutions, identify priority expenditure areas, and improve the quality of managerial decision-making. The research findings may also be applied in developing medium-term financial plans, introducing responsibility centers for budgetary and extra-budgetary funds, and establishing internal financial monitoring systems

There is a pressing need to delve into the theoretical foundations of financial management within non-state universities in Uzbekistan, especially given the growing role of private institutions in the country’s educational landscape. This article explores the key elements of financial management, providing updated insights into the practical, legal, and structural dimensions of financial administration in higher education-related non-governmental organizations. Additionally, it identifies the core mechanisms underpinning the financing of non-state universities in the Republic of Uzbekistan, offering a comparative analysis of financial strategies between state and non-state institutions. The findings offer a deeper understanding of how non-state higher education institutions (NSHEIs) can achieve financial sustainability, thereby contributing to the broader national development goals.

This article analyzes the legal foundations of the financial and academic autonomy granted to higher education institutions, identifies gaps in the current legislation, and examines possible ways to address them. The study substantiates the legal inconsistency between the status of a higher education institution as a “budget-funded organization” and the autonomy granted to it. The author proposes a legal framework for regulating the endowment fund institution in higher education institutions and identifies its key elements, including the inviolability of the principal fund, expenditure rules, tax incentives for donors, and governance mechanisms. The article argues that the endowment fund serves as a strategic instrument for diversifying funding sources and ensuring the long-term financial sustainability of higher education institutions