This article critically and analytically examines the institutional foundations of real estate management. The state of development in the industry is analyzed based on conducted research, statistical data, opinions of international and local economists, as well as current trends in practice. Aspects such as ambiguity in the distribution of powers, lack of transparency, weak coordination between institutions, and lack of trust regarding existing problems in the management system are analyzed. Using the example of the E-auction platform, the importance of effective institutional reform is demonstrated, and institutional solutions and recommendations necessary for the sustainable development of the real estate market are developed.

Institutional and legal reforms aimed at increasing financial transparency in the Republic of Uzbekistan are analyzed. In recent years, the country has been implementing a number of measures to ensure the openness of public finances, strengthen citizen participation in the budget process, and increase transparency by digitizing the tax and expenditure system. This study assesses the main directions of these reforms, their effectiveness, and compliance with international standards (for example, the IMF's fiscal transparency criteria, PEFA indicators).

International university rankings have become strong tools of governance that impact strategic institutional policies and higher education reforms on the global front. In the case of emerging systems like Uzbekistan, rankings are a challenge as well as a chance to be recognized in the world. This paper presents the response of universities in Uzbekistan to the ranking pressures based on interviews with administrators of a public, private, and international branch campus university, and review of national policy documents. The results leave a very clear picture of contrasts between the private and international universities: international branding, autonomy in decision-making, and research incentives are indicators of structured approaches to ranking whereas bureaucratic rigidity, lack of autonomy, and inadequate allocation of resources characterize universities in public. The more important determinant of competitiveness turns out to be governance capacity, not ambition. The paper concludes that to achieve sustainable progress in rankings, reforms to governance are needed that increase autonomy, accountability, and institutional capacity and integrate rankings into larger education, research, and development missions.

The article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of the institutional characteristics of financial accountability and transparency. It examines the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan aimed at modernizing the public financial management system, enhancing budget process openness, and gradually adopting international financial reporting standards. Based on international experience (Finland, Canada, South Korea, Australia, Sweden), the study highlights the key factors that ensure effective financial accountability and transparency: real-time data disclosure, institutionally independent auditing, and the use of digital technologies. Uzbekistan’s PEFA scores and Open Budget Index results are analyzed, identifying existing challenges and suggesting policy directions for improvement. The findings demonstrate that strengthening national legislation, adopting internationally standardized reporting formats, expanding public participation, and introducing modern digital technologies are crucial for consolidating the institutional foundation of financial accountability and transparency

This article provides an empirical analysis of the impact of the rule of law and corruption control on Uzbekistan’s non-resource exports. In the context of globalization and increasing international competition, institutional quality has become a key determinant of external trade performance. Using an extended gravity model of international trade and panel data covering the period 2001–2022, the study assesses the effects of institutional indicators, including control of corruption and rule of law, on Uzbekistan’s non-resource export flows. The econometric results demonstrate a statistically significant and robust positive relationship between control of corruption, rule of law and export performance. The findings suggest that further export diversification and a shift toward higher value-added products are unlikely without deepening institutional reforms

This article analyzes the main features of the social insurance system in the countries of the European Union, its structure, financing mechanisms, and coordination rules at the European level. Although each member state has the right to independently establish its national social insurance system, common coordination rules have been introduced to ensure the free movement of European Union citizens and the protection of their social rights. The article compares the share of social protection expenditures in gross domestic product (GDP), key policy directions, and various social models. The results of the study indicate that the social insurance system in European Union countries serves as an effective mechanism for protecting the population from social risks; however, due to population aging and increasing financial pressures, it requires continuous reforms

The article examines approaches to developing a practical model for adapting foreign university marketing strategies to the context of higher education institutions in Uzbekistan, taking into account institutional reforms, the characteristics of the digital environment, and legal restrictions on data processing. It considers the methodological foundations of the study, including a review of international and Uzbek literature and official sources, comparative case analysis, SWOT analysis, as well as the modeling of survey and interview results

This article examines professional standards as a strategic instrument for transforming the workforce training system in the Republic of Uzbekistan amid ongoing labor market reforms. A comparative analysis is presented of approaches to the development and implementation of professional qualifications in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Russia, and Albania. Based on an analysis of the regulatory framework and the application of standards in Uzbekistan’s tourism sector, key challenges and barriers are identified. The results of an empirical study reveal the levels of perception of professional standards among employers and educational institutions, as well as indicate directions for the institutional development of the national qualification system. Particular attention is given to the adaptation of international practices to the national context. Based on a conducted SWOT analysis, recommendations are formulated for improving mechanisms of implementation and updating of professional standards.

This article examines the strategic directions for developing innovations in the entrepreneurial sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms for supporting entrepreneurial entities in the transition to an innovation-driven economy, the introduction of digital technologies, the development of startup projects, the attraction of investments, and the strengthening of cooperation between the public and private sectors. The study also analyzes institutional reforms aimed at stimulating innovative activity, implementing research results into production, and creating a competitive entrepreneurial environment. The research findings are important for promoting innovative entrepreneurship and ensuring sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan

The article presents a scientifically based methodology for developing the concept of territorial development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Theoretical approaches to spatial planning are investigated, including the growth poles concept, central places theory, and polycentric development models. The author proposes a scientifically based typology of Uzbekistan regions with identification of six types of territories: central capital region, growth poles of national importance, advanced development regions, structural modernization territories, priority state support regions, and environmental rehabilitation territories. For each type, specific development priorities, support instruments, and target indicators are defined. A system of target indicators for the territorial development concept has been developed, including economic, social, infrastructure, and environmental indicators. The mechanisms for implementing the concept through a system of state programs, investment projects, and institutional reforms are substantiated. The principles for developing the concept are defined: balance, polycentricity, territorial connectivity, sustainability, consideration of regional specifics, and inclusivity.

The article addresses current issues of financial resource management and control at state-owned enterprises amid economic reforms in Uzbekistan. Based on an analysis of international best practices (Germany, Korea, China, and Poland) and the current state of the country's metallurgical industry, proposals are developed for implementing digital tools, strengthening institutional oversight, and enhancing financial transparency. The scientific novelty lies in adapting foreign management models to national conditions, considering industry-specific features.

School-Based Management (SBM) represents a form of decentralization of central government authority to the school level, aimed at enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of the education system. Theoretically, SBM is grounded in three key institutional incentives: choice and competition, school autonomy, and accountability. Its practical forms vary according to the scope of authority (weak/strong) and the decision-making actors (administrative, professional, community, or balanced). Research conducted on the implementation of marketing services and strategic management in the governance of general secondary schools (GSS) in Uzbekistan demonstrates that the effectiveness of managerial activities of school leaders can be increased by 15% to 22%. It is also emphasized that significant positive effects of SBM reforms on student achievement require a longer timeframe (5 to 8 years), as well as the continuous development of managerial competencies among school leaders.

In the process of modernizing Uzbekistan’s financial market, the effective organization of securities market operations, particularly in the primary and secondary markets, has become a crucial factor. The primary market provides enterprises with opportunities to attract capital, while the secondary market enhances liquidity, transparency, and investor confidence, thereby fostering sustainable development of the national economy. This study analyzes the prospects for improving securities operations in Uzbekistan, with a focus on institutional reforms, the implementation of digital technologies, and the application of international best practices

This article examines the role of payroll and tax digitalization in enhancing the stability of the labor market. The relevance of the topic is justified within the context of global digital transformation and the growing need for transparency and formalization in labor relations. Through a comparative approach, the paper analyzes international experiences from countries such as Estonia, Germany, the United States, and India, contrasting them with recent reforms in Uzbekistan. Using correlation and regression analysis, the study explores the relationships between digitalization indicators and labor market metrics, such as formal employment, tax revenue growth, and the reduction of the informal economy. The results show that digital tools significantly contribute to labor market resilience and institutional integrity. The article concludes with practical recommendations for strengthening digital infrastructure and legal frameworks to ensure sustainable economic and social outcomes.

This study is devoted to the analysis and improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms for the effective attraction and management of investment projects in the accelerated development of the tourism sector in Uzbekistan. Despite the fact that the reforms being carried out in the field of tourism, the rich cultural and historical heritage and natural resources of the country create wide opportunities for investors, there are still certain problems in the organizational mechanisms, legal framework, and institutional environment for ensuring investment activity. The study thoroughly analyzes the factors hindering the implementation of investment projects related to tourism, in particular, the difficulties in preparing project engineering documentation, long-term formalization in the process of land allocation, insufficient financial guarantees, and the problems of coordination between local authorities and the private sector.