В данной статье рассмотрены особенности применения краудфандинга как современного механизма финансирования на примере зарубежных стран. В исследовании проанализированы основные типы краудфандинговых платформ — благотворительные, вознаграждаемые, долговые и долевые – на примере таких стран, как США, страны Европейского союза и Китай. Также раскрыты преимущества краудфандинга как финансового инструмента, возможные риски, а также правовые и институциональные основы его функционирования. Результаты исследования обосновывают роль краудфандинга в повышении финансовой инклюзии и поддержке инновационных проектов.

This article examines the financing trends of business models of innovative entrepreneurship subjects, particularly startup ecosystems, in the national economy and mechanisms for assessing related risks. The support framework for startup projects through traditional and alternative financial instruments (venture capital, crowdfunding) under current digital transformation has been systematically analyzed. The results show that the sustainability of innovative business models depends on the correct forecasting of their financial flows and strategies for minimizing specific risk factors. In conclusion, practical proposals have been developed to increase the financial sustainability of national startup projects and reduce risks in their business models

This article analyzes the economic efficiency and organizational mechanisms of economic entities in developed countries. The results of the study show that the possibilities of creating a favorable financial environment for economic entities by studying foreign experiences and adapting them to the economy of our country were considered. At the same time, based on the results of the analysis, specific recommendations were developed in the areas of further improving state policy, introducing new financing mechanisms and eliminating existing problems

The article notes the need to improve the lending activities of commercial banks based on the introduction of digital technologies in the process of assessing the creditworthiness of potential borrowers. An analysis of innovative lending models in foreign countries is presented, issues of managing credit activities and credit risks, the main directions of development of digitalization of banking activities are considered

Uzbekistan has immense potential for tourism development with its rich cultural heritage and strategic location on the Silk Road. However, financial constraints have hindered the sector’s full growth. This paper examines the impact of innovative financial instruments, including public-private partnerships (PPPs), green bonds, tourism investment funds, and crowdfunding platforms, on the development of Uzbekistan’s tourism industry. The study highlights the role of these instruments in fostering infrastructure development, increasing private sector participation, and enhancing sustainability.