This article analyzes the dynamics of taxpayers and tax revenues for the use of subsoil in Uzbekistan. The issues of ensuring the transparency of the tax system, increasing the role of the tax system in ensuring the effective use of natural resources and economic stability are discussed. Problems in the tax system for the use of subsoil are identified and practical proposals and recommendations are given to eliminate them.

The article analyzes the objective necessity of taxing enterprises for the use of subsoil resources, its economic significance, and methodological foundations. Tax policy in the process of utilizing underground resources serves as a crucial tool for forming state budget revenues, ensuring the efficient use of natural resources, and maintaining environmental sustainability. Additionally, the article examines international experience and proposes effective models for Uzbekistan.

The article presents the calculation mechanisms of the special rent tax introduced for the use of minerals, subsoil resources and strategic natural resources, and highlights its importance for budget stability and the effective use of natural resources. At the same time, it raises issues of current practice, including the transparency of calculations, difficulties in determining the amount of rent, and the lack of capacity of the tax administration. The work analyzes international experience - in particular, models of rent tax in resource-rich countries such as Chile, Australia, the USA, Kazakhstan, and others. As a result of the study, directions for improving the calculation mechanisms of the special rent tax in the conditions of Uzbekistan are recommended.