The history of artificial intelligence (AI) is closely linked to the development of computing technology and the search for formal methods to model human reasoning. Initial ideas of "thinking machines" were proposed in the early 20th century by mathematicians and logicians. However, the official birth of AI as a scientific field is traced back to the 1956 Dartmouth Conference, where the term "artificial intelligence" was introduced. This paper explores the major stages of AI development from early theoretical contributions, including Alan Turing’s seminal work, through the "golden age" of the 1960s–1970s and the subsequent decline due to technological limitations. Special focus is placed on the rise of expert systems and symbolic AI in the 1980s, which, despite practical applications, faced challenges in knowledge base maintenance and scalability. The review outlines the evolution of AI as a scientific discipline marked by high expectations, setbacks, and achievements

The article substantiates the feasibility of using an integrated approach to the study of consumer behavior in tourism as an interdisciplinary scientific problem. The main attention is paid to the theoretical analysis of the essence, structure and methodological foundations of the integrative model that combines economic, behavioral, socio-cultural components. The limitations of classical economic concepts of rational choice and the need to take into account behavioral factors, cognitive distortions, symbolic consumption, as well as the influence of the digital environment on decision-making by tourists are emphasized. The theoretical provisions are partially illustrated by the analysis of the specifics of consumer behavior in the tourism sector of Uzbekistan. A conclusion is made about the importance of theoretical understanding of the integrated approach as a scientific basis for the formation of sustainable strategies for tourism development in modern conditions.