The paper examines economic mechanisms of water quota allocation under conditions of increasing water scarcity. Water quota allocation is considered as a key instrument for water distribution, closely linked to tariff regulation, water markets, and water rights. The study explores fixed, adaptive, seasonal, and market-based quota models. A comparative analysis of practices in Australia, Spain, and Chile is conducted, alongside an assessment of challenges related to the allocation of water withdrawal limits in Central Asia. The study concludes that the most sustainable approaches are hybrid models combining state regulation of environmentally acceptable quotas with economic mechanisms for their efficient redistribution among water users.

The article examines the role of green bonds and their subtype, green mortgage-backed securities, in the global financial market, as well as the prospects for their application in Uzbekistan. Green bonds are increasingly used as an important financial instrument that enables investors to channel funds into environmentally sustainable projects. In the United States, green mortgage-backed securities issued by major agencies play a leading role in financing the energy-efficient housing market. The experience of Europe, Canada, and Australia likewise demonstrates the steady international development of this instrument. In Uzbekistan, the green mortgage market is only beginning to take shape, being gradually introduced through national strategies, pilot projects supported by international financial institutions, and commercial bank products. The research findings indicate that green mortgage-backed securities are not only a source of financial returns, but also an important mechanism for combating climate change and supporting the transition to a sustainable economy.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms in Uzbekistan, focusing on international best practices and the potential for their adaptation to national conditions. Case studies from the United Kingdom, Turkey, China, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, India, UAE, and South Korea are examined, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, risk management approaches, and institutional frameworks. The paper explores barriers, opportunities, financial and legal aspects of PPP development in Uzbekistan, employing SWOT and PESTEL analyses. Statistical data on investment volumes, job creation, and the impact of PPP on improving the quality of tourism services are included. Finally, the study proposes 10 concrete recommendations for government, private sector, and international stakeholders.

At a time when the population of our planet is growing rapidly, people's need for food is increasing more and more. Like many other basic consumer goods, milk production and the development of the dairy industry are of great importance in every country today. In this article we discussed the effective use of foreign experience in the development of dairy farming and entrepreneurship. In this regard, the role of small business development in dairy farming is important for our country. The reason is that about 90% of the milk produced in our country comes from farmers and households.