This article analyses the theoretical and practical foundations of introducing advanced foreign experiences in the process of human capital development in Uzbekistan. Global reforms, internal problems of Uzbekistan and state policy on their solution are analysed. Factors affecting human capital are divided into groups on education, health, labour market, innovation and institutional development, and are illustrated with quotes. The methodology describes the methods for calculating the Human Capital Index (HCI) and Human Development Index (HDI), international and national databases. The results and analysis section compares Uzbekistan’s HCI and HDI indicators with those of foreign countries. The discussion section provides ways to adapt foreign experiences to the conditions of Uzbekistan.