The article describes a number of risk types that may arise as a result of the digitalization of traditional banking activities as a result of the transformation of banking activities and the level of risk may increase, the most common types of cyber threats aimed at bank customers and banks themselves and their specific aspects, New risk management systems in banks, steps of strategic bank risk management, and author's approaches to effective risk management in the digital environment are presented. Overall, this paper provides insights into the multi-faceted nature of risk posed by commercial banks in the face of transformation and digitization, and what can be done by banks to effectively manage and mitigate this pervasive risk factor and ensure sustainable growth for banks. provides information on the various methods used.

The article presents the concept of risk culture in commercial banks, its content, economic significance, the role of risk culture in risk management, ways of forming risk culture, and strong and weak features of risk culture. The article also presents the opinions of scientists and experts in the field of risk culture. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article.

The article discusses a set of key indicators that enable continuous monitoring of credit risks and provide early warning about the level of risk (low, medium, and high). Credit risks, when exceeding a threshold value established under a specific scenario, may cause serious damage to the bank’s reputation or result in financial losses that hinder the timely implementation of the bank’s strategy. The limit values of the key risk indicators, which must not be breached by the bank, are defined, and when approaching the established thresholds, measures should be taken to mitigate credit risk. The article also reflects on significant risks that the bank is willing to accept or intends to reject in order to achieve its business objectives. There are also scientific proposals and conclusions on the process of developing risk-appetite and risk profile indicators, a set of mechanisms and systems.

The article discusses the development of a commercial risk management concept aimed at a holistic presentation of scientific hypotheses and ideas, patterns, goals and objectives, principles and functions of management, theoretical and methodological issues related to management methods and methodology for developing risk management strategies in modern enterprises. Based on the proposed risk management concept, a conceptual model is proposed that makes it possible to philosophically and conceptually comprehend the essence of risk management based on the basic rules of modern concepts of commercial, commercial management, strategic management and risk management, clarify possible sources of commercial risks, clarify the interrelation of a complex of scientific knowledge on risk management.

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of financial risk management processes in commercial banks. In particular, modern methods of identifying, assessing, controlling, monitoring, and reporting financial risks are analyzed, and practical recommendations for improving management processes are developed. The main objective of the article is to develop a comprehensive approach to addressing issues related to financial risks and to identify the possibilities for applying this approach in ensuring the financial stability of commercial banks.

This article is devoted to the study of financial risks, their classification and management methods. The study examines various types of financial risks, such as credit, currency, interest rate, investment and others, as well as the principles of their systematization and the importance of the right approach to their management. The importance of risk classification for more accurate analysis and development of strategies to reduce them is considered.

Maximizing the expected return on investment and reducing the level of possible risk for investors is always a relevant issue. This article discusses modern portfolio theories, expected portfolio returns, and risk factors. Harry Markowitz's modern portfolio theory, his views, and other economists' observations on investment and portfolios are discussed. In the analysis part, a portfolio of 3-year shares of joint-stock companies in Uzbekistan is created, and the expected average income from the portfolio and portfolio risk are determined. Based on the results of the analysis, scientific and practical conclusions are given.

The article discusses the risks faced by commercial banks in their daily activities, which can negatively affect the financial condition and stability of banks. Banks face several types of risks in their activities. For this purpose, financial, operational, strategic, reputational, legal, international, natural disaster and environmental risks, medical and health, security, cost, technological risks are studied, and the requirements developed by the Basel Committee for studying the risks of banks are also studied.

When assessing the risk of a portfolio using the Markowitz optimal portfolio formation model, it was found that a high level of risk makes stocks less attractive for investment. To minimize the risk of the portfolio, the Markowitz model is modified taking into account risk factors. In the article, using a modified Markowitz model, by means of covariance analysis and optimization of stock shares using the EXCEL office program and available open data, a portfolio with minimal risk was created and the results were described.

In this article, in the context of digitization of tax administration and reduction of the human factor, a system of preliminary identification and assessment of tax risks is a priority task. In particular, the need to improve the mechanisms for segmenting taxpayers by risk level and minimizing the tax gap coefficient in the fight against the "hidden economy" determines the relevance of the topic. The article considers the criteria for identifying tax risks and models for their quantitative assessment, and makes proposals for improving the effectiveness of risk management in the tax system of Uzbekistan.

This article studies the methodological foundations of tax risk assessment and management in the tax system. The issues of improving tax administration in the digital economy, analyzing taxpayers' activities based on a risk-oriented approach are discussed. The article considers the criteria for determining tax risks and models for their quantitative assessment, and puts forward proposals to improve the effectiveness of risk management in the tax system of Uzbekistan.

Fire risk management in residential buildings is a critical aspect of ensuring safety and minimizing loss of life and property. This study explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of fire risk management by examining key components, including fire risk theories, advanced methodologies, human behavior, building design, and regulatory frameworks. Technological innovations such as IoT-enabled fire detection systems and AI-driven predictive modeling are identified as transformative tools for proactive risk mitigation. The role of community engagement and fire safety education in reducing fire incidents and fatalities is also emphasized.

This article describes the relevance of managing and assessing financial risks when developing company forecasts. International standards for assessing financial risks and their economic essence have been studied. Conclusions are drawn about the important features of financial risk management. A scientific proposal and practical recommendations for improving risk management have been developed

This article elucidates the essence, structure, and sources of financial risks within business entities, alongside the mechanisms for their analysis. The study aims to systematise the primary financial risks encountered in business operations, reveal the theoretical and methodological foundations of their assessment, and propose practical management frameworks.

This article shows how important it is to transition to a green economy as a result of global climate change. Also, due to environmental and social problems, the priority tasks of green economy development and issues of increasing the role of banks in the development of green economy, environmental and social risks in banks and their assessment, green loans, green bonds expansion are presented.

In accordance with the “Financial Instruments: Information Disclosure”
standard No. 7, the article describes the essence, purpose, functions and application aspects of
financial instrument accounting disclosure. In recent years, the variety of financial instruments
and the complexity of their dynamics in financial markets have sharply increased in the world.
This serves to increase the risk of financial instruments. The article describes the types of risks in
accounting for financial instruments and the procedure for explaining them. In the system of
international financial reporting standards, the topic of financial instruments is considered the
most complex. Accounting information for financial instruments requires a large amount of
knowledge and skills. IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures Good disclosure is more of an art
than a science

This article presents the scientific and theoretical foundations of risk management mechanisms in the textile industry, as well as highlights the evolutionary changes in aspects and properties studied by world scientists up to the nanoeconomic level.

This article discusses the key properties of the risk management system, analyzes the essence and features of building an effective risk management system. The main methods of risk management in relation to investments and investment activities are defined and schematically presented.

Accurate exchange rate forecasting is of considerable practical importance for emerging and frontier markets. In such markets, exchange rates tend to exhibit high volatility and may fluctuate significantly due to depreciation pressures, external economic shocks, inflation differentials, and uncertainty in financial markets. This study employs the ARIMA–eGARCH–Monte Carlo modeling framework to forecast the USD/UZS exchange rate. The analysis is based on daily exchange rate data covering the period from January 2018 to April 2026. First, logarithmic exchange rate returns were calculated, and their stationarity was examined using the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF), Phillips–Perron (PP), and KPSS tests. Subsequently, the ARIMA model was employed to capture the conditional mean dynamics of exchange rate returns, while sGARCH, eGARCH, and gjrGARCH models were compared to evaluate volatility clustering and asymmetric shock effects. The empirical results identified the eGARCH(1,1) specification as the best-performing model. In the next stage, 50,000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted based on the selected model to generate exchange rate forecasts for a 252-trading-day horizon. The simulation results provided probability-based scenarios for the future path of the USD/UZS exchange rate over the following year. The baseline median forecast indicated an exchange rate of UZS 12,518 per US dollar, while the 90% prediction interval ranged from UZS 11,621 to UZS 13,218. The findings suggest that depreciation shocks have a significant impact on the dynamics of the USD/UZS exchange rate and that probability-based forecasting provides a more informative assessment of future exchange rate movements than conventional point forecasts. The proposed approach offers practical implications for the Central Bank, commercial banks, export-import enterprises, and risk managers in assessing foreign exchange risk and conducting stress testing.

The article shows the importance of scientific views on foreign experience of tax risk assessment and directions of its use in the national tax system, the importance of tax policy in shaping economic behavior and results in Uzbekistan. They are studied from the point of view of high tax rates, complex rules and low tax ethics as serious obstacles to entrepreneurial activity and development, and scientific conclusions and proposals are formulated, considering the economic essence of foreign experience of tax risk assessment and directions of its use in the national tax system and scientific views on it.

This article discusses the important role of managing operational risks in the banking sector, with a detailed analysis of this issue in the context of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. Significant changes are being observed in the countryʼs banking system, and managing operational risks is becoming an integral part of ensuring financial stability. The article delves deeply into the organizational and methodological challenges banks face in their risk management processes. The insights and recommendations presented in the article are hoped to serve as a foundation for future research and for developing strategies to manage operational risks in the local banking sector.

This article consists of developing practical proposals on the negative impact of risk on banking activities in our country based on international experience, in particular the capital adequacy ratio adopted by the Basel Committee and measures aimed at risk management and minimization.

The article considers the issues of forming an effective product portfolio and
reducing the level of commercial risk. The possibilities of applying the methodology for
determining the loss caused by commercial risk within the purchase budget, based on the curve of
the distribution of purchase attributes in accordance with the Pareto optimum, are proved.

The article examines the essence of the risks of innovation and defines the main classification of risks, signs of their grouping, the interdependence of the concepts of “risk” and “uncertainty”, the essence of innovation risk, systematization of risks in innovation, innovation and various approaches to their systematization and grouping.

This article examines the role of generative artificial intelligence in the digital transformation of economic sectors, with a particular focus on assessing implementation efficiency and ensuring technological security. The study argues that generative AI is becoming a strategic tool for improving productivity, operational speed, decision-making quality, and innovation capacity across manufacturing, finance, logistics, public administration, and other sectors. At the same time, the article emphasizes that the benefits of generative AI are accompanied by serious technological risks, including data leakage, model misuse, privacy violations, unreliable outputs, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The research is based on a qualitative comparative analysis of recent open-access academic and institutional sources, including OECD, World Bank, NIST, and sector-specific studies. The findings show that the effectiveness of generative AI should be evaluated through a dual framework that combines economic performance indicators with technological security criteria. The article concludes that sustainable implementation requires not only digital infrastructure and organizational adaptation, but also strong governance mechanisms, human oversight, and continuous risk monitoring.