This study conducts a longitudinal case analysis of H World Group (2014–2024) to investigate the evolutionary mechanism of Chinese tourism enterprises' transition from asset-heavy to asset-light OFDI. The findings reveal that under macro-level pressures, firms leverage digital capabilities to construct a chain mechanism of "model → localization → legitimacy → performance". The asset-light model effectively overcomes the liability of foreignness through non-equity control and local embeddedness. This paper revises the explanatory limitations of the OLI paradigm, expands the social dimension and dynamic perspective of tourism investment research, and suggests that Belt and Road countries such as Uzbekistan can achieve sustainable development and inclusive growth by attracting capability-output-oriented investment.

The article examines key methods for asset valuation based on international standards and ratings. Methods such as fair value, net present value, and multipliers are analyzed, along with rating agency methodologies. The importance of international experience and the benefits of using modern technologies in asset valuation are highlighted

In a market economy, liquidity and solvency are the most important
characteristics of financial and economic activities of enterprises, in particular in oil refining. The
financial condition determines the competitiveness of an enterprise, its potential in business
processes, to what extent the economic interests of the enterprise and its counterparties in
financial and other relations are respected. Liquidity is the ability of an asset to be sold in a
business, economy, or invested without significant price changes and with little loss of value. The
most liquid asset is money or cash on hand, which can be immediately used to carry out economic
transactions, including buying, selling, paying off debts, and meeting urgent desires and needs.
The basis of any company is liquidity. A comprehensive liquidity assessment is necessary for each
company, as it helps to predict future behavior. The article examines the theoretical aspects of
liquidity and solvency, analyzes the refinery, while assessing the main shortcomings and problems,
and provides recommendations for improving the financial condition

The scientific article analyzes the current state and issues of regulation of digital assets and cryptocurrencies in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Based on a comparative analysis, it was determined that the CIS countries mainly use approaches to apply existing legislative norms or form independent legal frameworks, and also identified countries that are leaders in this area. A conclusion is made about the need to exchange experience and strengthen cooperation in the field of regulation of digital asset turnover in the CIS countries.

Based on decision PC No. 4611 of February 24, 2020, “On additional measures for the transition to international financial reporting standards,” the article analyzes IFRS and develops scientific proposals and recommendations regarding the correct accounting of asset impairment in the reporting of enterprises that have received IFRS.

The article considers marketing strategy issues in improving and developing appraisal activities. The essence of marketing in the appraisal services market is revealed. The main task of the marketing strategy for the development of appraisal activities is formulated to satisfy the components of the concept of modern marketing of the appraisal services market development. The main factors for improving appraisal activities are formulated. The main components of asset promotion from sellers to buyers and their relationship with appraisal services are shown. The ways of improving advertising activities in the appraisal services market are shown.

This article analyzes the specific aspects of organizing the accounting for lease transactions in accordance with IFRS 16. In particular, it examines the recognition and presentation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability in the financial statements. The study explores the conditions for recognizing the right-of-use asset and lease liability, as well as the issues related to their disclosure in the notes to the relevant financial statements.

The article examines a step-by-step methodology for conducting managerial analysis of fixed assets in budgetary organizations. Based on the results of the analysis, the necessity of developing a fixed asset management policy aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of state property is substantiated. The main objective of this policy is to ensure the rational utilization of fixed assets and to report the achieved results to higher-level budget fund administrators.

This article examines the risks associated with digital asset trading in the operations of digital banks, as well as the mechanisms for managing these risks. The study analyzes modern tools for managing digital asset risks, including Digital Twin technology, predictive analytics methods, artificial intelligence technologies, and the RAROC model.

This article is devoted to consideration of the issues of formation of accounting policies in the organization of accounting for agricultural activities. In particular, the article presents opinions, approaches and proposals on the concept of accounting policy, its structure, the procedure for reflecting agricultural activities in accounting policies. Relevant conclusions have been formulated in reliance upon the results of the study.

This article discusses the procedure for accounting for the sale of fixed assets and leasing them back according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The problem with this topic is that the issue of sale and leaseback is not currently applied in the practice of Uzbekistan and is new to us. The authors examined this issue in detail in the article with examples and accounting records. The tables presented were compiled by the authors of the article. The forms of the statement of financial position and the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income in a shortened form are taken from international practice in preparing financial statements. To resolve the issue, the double entry method in accounting was used. The merit of the authors is that the issue under consideration with examples, tables and report forms was made available to Uzbek accounting practitioners and other interested parties.

This article provides a study of fixed asset accounting, including accounting and depreciation accounting for tax purposes. Studies have formed conclusions on the main fixed assets account for the purposes of accounting and taxation.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems arising in the process of globalization and experienced in adjusting the National Accounting Standards (NAS) in Uzbekistan, including the standard related to intangible assets, in compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as well as the solutions proposed thereof. Herewith the author proposes the recommendations worked out for recognition of intangible assets, assessment of book value, the method of calculating amortization, revaluation model, the order of disclosure of information on intangible assets in the financial statements in accordance with international standards (IFRS 38). Moreover, there some considerations on the revaluation model of intangible assets to assess their impact on initial value, amortization, long-term and total assets.

This article discusses the theoretical issues of accounting for digital financial assets. Using foreign experience, proposals are made for accounting transactions with cryptocurrency.

Ensuring the quality of asset portfolios of commercial banks, the need to ensure their financial stability and liquidity is considered one of the current issues. In this scientific article, an attempt was made to develop a scientific proposal and practical recommendations on ways to increase the efficiency of the assets of commercial banks.

This article analyzes the impact of the crypto-asset market on tax administration in the context of the digital economy. The study highlights virtual tax assets, the concealment of income from taxation, and the complexities of cross-border control. The legal regulation rules of the crypto-asset sector in Uzbekistan during 2018-2025, the licensing system, the “Regulatory Sandbox” mechanism, and the legal framework for crypto activities were analyzed. Scientific and practical proposals are developed for the taxation of the economy, strengthening effective control over the crypto market, and increasing tax revenues.

This paper applies multivariate econometric modeling methods to evaluate and forecast enterprise asset indicators in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The case study focuses on “Grant Thornton Valuation” LLC, where revenues from privatization serve as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables include the number of contracts, the number of valuation reports, the number of privatized objects, as well as the number of issued certificates and licenses. The model’s reliability was tested using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, VIF, and ADF tests, followed by forecasting. The results provide practical insights for analyzing enterprise performance and projecting future trends.

The article identifies and evaluates the emergence of financial stability in banks and its specific characteristics. Scientific studies by local and foreign scholars on this category have been examined and systematized. The perspectives of scholars regarding indicators such as capital adequacy and liquidity in ensuring financial stability have been analyzed. Based on the research, scientific conclusions and recommendations have been developed.

The article analyzes the role of the insurance portfolio in the activities of insurance companies and the problems associated with its formation and management. Key portfolio functions such as risk diversification, liquidity, profitability and compliance with regulatory requirements are considered. Particular attention is paid to optimizing asset allocation and forecasting risks in the context of economic instability and legislative changes. The importance of scientific research for developing new methods of asset management and increasing the financial stability of insurance companies is emphasized.

This article examines the role of investment portfolio management in the effective management of bank financial resources, the state of investment portfolios of commercial banks and their impact on asset liquidity. According to the research materials and methods, the definitions and opinions given by a number of foreign and domestic economists-scientists on the topic were studied, and the author explained their meaning. In addition, the article provides proposals and practical recommendations for the development of a draft regulatory legal document on the management of financial resources of commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the development of a program of measures aimed at managing assets in commercial banks.

For many companies, goodwill is the most significant asset, for which such concepts as identifiability and isolation are not typical. Goodwill simplifies asset manipulation, but at the same time, neither many accountants nor the management of these companies know how to accurately and correctly evaluate goodwill, since its real value is formed when the organization is sold. But goodwill evaluation is necessary, and goodwill can be evaluated in various ways. The article considers the main methods of goodwill evaluation, suggests ways to improve them and develops its own method for evaluating goodwill.

This study examines the impact of the relationship between bank assets and liabilities on bank profitability, highlighting the critical role of effective asset-liability management in financial performance. Banks generate income primarily through interest earned on assets such as loans and investments, while liabilities, including deposits and borrowings, represent the cost of funds. The balance between these two elements determines net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM), both key indicators of profitability. Factors such as interest rate spreads, asset quality, maturity mismatches, and liquidity management significantly influence the bank’s profitability. A well-managed asset-liability mix enhances income stability and reduces risks associated with interest rate fluctuations and liquidity constraints. Conversely, poor management can lead to reduced margins, increased risk exposure, and potential financial instability. Understanding and optimizing the interplay between assets and liabilities is essential for banks to maximize profitability, manage risks, and sustain long-term growth in a competitive and regulated environment. From this point of view, in this article, I tried to reveal the importance of the net interest margin in increasing the profitability of the bank, as well as the state of management of bank assets and liabilities in the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its effect on the efficiency of the banking system.

This article discusses the application and modification of lease instrument, which is one of the services of Islamic finance. The important features of financing the lease transaction and the corresponding accounting policy and procedure are described and explained. In particular, it is emphasized that when using lease as an instrument of Islamic finance, the presence of an asset in the lease agreement, full provision of all descriptions and full fulfillment of the terms of the contract are among the most important aspects. In conclusion, it is substantiated that with this type of contract, the amount of fair rent does not lead to unjust enrichment as a result of the exchange of opposite values.

This article discusses some theoretical issues of taxation of digital financial assets. Proposals for taxation of income from operations with cryptocurrency using foreign experience.

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of the market of digital assets and cryptocurrencies, which is one of the most relevant and dynamically developing areas of modern law and economics. The work examines the main approaches to the regulation of digital assets in various countries, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing legal norms and proposals for their improvement. Based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed for the formation of an effective legal framework that can ensure the stable development of the market for digital assets and cryptocurrencies, while minimizing potential risks.