Ensuring the quality of asset portfolios of commercial banks, the need to ensure their financial stability and liquidity is considered one of the current issues. In this scientific article, an attempt was made to develop a scientific proposal and practical recommendations on ways to increase the efficiency of the assets of commercial banks.

This study examines the impact of the relationship between bank assets and liabilities on bank profitability, highlighting the critical role of effective asset-liability management in financial performance. Banks generate income primarily through interest earned on assets such as loans and investments, while liabilities, including deposits and borrowings, represent the cost of funds. The balance between these two elements determines net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM), both key indicators of profitability. Factors such as interest rate spreads, asset quality, maturity mismatches, and liquidity management significantly influence the bank’s profitability. A well-managed asset-liability mix enhances income stability and reduces risks associated with interest rate fluctuations and liquidity constraints. Conversely, poor management can lead to reduced margins, increased risk exposure, and potential financial instability. Understanding and optimizing the interplay between assets and liabilities is essential for banks to maximize profitability, manage risks, and sustain long-term growth in a competitive and regulated environment. From this point of view, in this article, I tried to reveal the importance of the net interest margin in increasing the profitability of the bank, as well as the state of management of bank assets and liabilities in the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its effect on the efficiency of the banking system.

This article examines the institutional relationship between corruption and the shadow economy in Uzbekistan, as well as their impact on market competition, the investment climate, the quality of public administration, and macroeconomic stability. The purpose of the study is to identify the mechanisms through which corrupt practices contribute to the expansion of the shadow economy and to develop scientifically grounded proposals for improving institutional anti-corruption policy. The study employs systemic, comparative, economic-statistical, legal-institutional analysis, and logical generalization methods. The empirical basis of the research includes international rankings for 2017–2025, statistical data on corruption-related crimes for 2023–2024, regulatory legal acts, and scholarly literature. The findings indicate that corruption is not merely a legal offence, but a systemic institutional factor affecting resource allocation, the efficiency of public expenditures, tax discipline, and the scale of the shadow economy. The article develops practical recommendations for the institutional improvement of compliance control mechanisms, digital monitoring, transparency in public procurement, asset recovery, and the preliminary assessment of corruption risks.

The article identifies and evaluates the emergence of financial stability in banks and its specific characteristics. Scientific studies by local and foreign scholars on this category have been examined and systematized. The perspectives of scholars regarding indicators such as capital adequacy and liquidity in ensuring financial stability have been analyzed. Based on the research, scientific conclusions and recommendations have been developed.

This article explores the issues of evaluating their regulation through various
normatives controlling commercial banks through central banks. At the same time, various
methods of assessing bank ratings through indicators of economic normatives of the management
of banks in different foreign countries or the bodies controlling them have been analyzed

We investigated the relation between profitability and risks in the investments of commercial banks in real estate. The article investigates the position of real estate in the investment portfolio of banks, the earnings generating mechanisms and the principal types of risks experienced at the investment stage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of real estate investments on the financial stability of banks. The empirical study is conducted using the example of Kapitalbank, highlighting the importance of a risk-oriented approach in managing real estate investments. The implications of the study are practical for improving investment strategies and enhancing asset quality in commercial banks.

This article analyzes the formation of the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, its evolutionary development stages, and prospects in the context of modern economic reforms. The study provides a detailed overview of the transformation of the banking system during the years of independence, particularly the fundamental reforms carried out in the period after 2017, the privatization of banks, and digital transformation. Macroeconomic factors ensuring the stability of the banking system, capital adequacy, and asset quality are analyzed based on statistical data. The article also discusses issues of liberalization of the banking services market, cooperation with international financial institutions, and the introduction of modern fintech technologies into the sector. As a resul, of the study, scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for the further development of the banking system of Uzbekistan have been developed, aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the industry.