This article examines the methodological foundations of preparing the balance sheet, directions for its improvement, and issues of expanding analytical capabilities. The balance sheet is considered the primary source of information when assessing the financial condition of an enterprise, and its proper formation is crucial when making financial decisions. The article describes modern approaches to determining the composition of assets and liabilities, analyzing the balance sheet structure and liquidity level, as well as the possibilities of increasing the information value of balance sheet data through digital technologies and automated accounting systems. The research results serve to effectively use the balance sheet data, assess the financial stability of the enterprise, and optimize management decisions.

The article presents the theoretical approaches given by economists and specialists to the improvement of financial statements based on international standards, in particular, its main form of accounting balance sheet, as well as the methodology of its practical preparation. Also, scientific proposals and recommendations aimed at improving the main rules and important principles of the formation of the accounting balance, evaluation of its items and the preparation of the balance sheet based on the requirements of the international standards of financial reporting have been developed.

In the article discusses issues of improving the methodological aspects of drawing up an interim balance sheet during the liquidation of enterprises. In order to form the intermediate liquidation balance of the liquidated enterprise, the stages of determining obligations, the work to be performed at each stage, the register of creditors claims and forms of an intermediate liquidation balance are proposed.

In this article, proposals and recommendations are formulated based on the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the accounting of hydrocarbon raw materials extracted from the ground and the formation of reporting balances.

This article discusses the issues of accounting for liabilities and their accounting in reporting. The current part of long-term liabilities should be reflected in the report, the formation of information about liabilities in the balance sheet, as well as proposals for keeping records of current liabilities and reflecting them in the report if they are significant for the enterprise for the decision of investors and influence changes in indicators reflecting the financial situation.

In a market economy, liquidity and solvency are the most important
characteristics of financial and economic activities of enterprises, in particular in oil refining. The
financial condition determines the competitiveness of an enterprise, its potential in business
processes, to what extent the economic interests of the enterprise and its counterparties in
financial and other relations are respected. Liquidity is the ability of an asset to be sold in a
business, economy, or invested without significant price changes and with little loss of value. The
most liquid asset is money or cash on hand, which can be immediately used to carry out economic
transactions, including buying, selling, paying off debts, and meeting urgent desires and needs.
The basis of any company is liquidity. A comprehensive liquidity assessment is necessary for each
company, as it helps to predict future behavior. The article examines the theoretical aspects of
liquidity and solvency, analyzes the refinery, while assessing the main shortcomings and problems,
and provides recommendations for improving the financial condition

In this article, proposals have been developed to identify and solve the problems of accounting and auditing obligations in the activities of commercial banks of the republic, the optimal level of formation of banking obligations as a result of accounting obligations in the country's banks based on international standards, the organization of accounting obligations in banks that comply with international banking practice, improving accounting.
Proper organization of accounting of liabilities in commercial banks ensures the effective functioning and economic stability of commercial banks. The main part of the liabilities of the balance sheet of commercial banks are liabilities, which amount to almost 85-90%. This article describes the research aimed at developing a methodology for the correct accounting of bank liabilities in commercial banks. Proposals and recommendations on this issue have been accepted for use in the development of accounting policy in the “National Bank of Foreign Economic Activity of the RU”. As a result of the research, the author has developed recommendations for the organization of accounting for liabilities in commercial banks.

This article highlights the specific features of Islamic banks' financial reporting. Financial statement forms are analyzed separately in accordance with the rules of conventional and Islamic accounting. Specifically, it highlights changes in the composition of the balance sheet, which reflects the financial position of an enterprise. The reasons for adding three additional financial statement forms to conventional accounting in Islamic accounting are explained in turn. The article also provides an example of a statement of changes in restricted investments. Finally, the article concludes with conclusions regarding the distribution of profits and losses in Islamic banks.

The article proposes a practical approach to systematically assessing the financial condition of financially distressed enterprises and guiding their sustainable development. The study builds a diagnostic model based on indicators such as liquidity, solvency, financial stability, operating profitability, and return on assets. To evaluate bankruptcy risk, the author recommends using an interlinked trio of the pro forma balance sheet, cash-flow budget, and budgeted income statement, alongside a review of pricing and partnership arrangements, cost optimization, and reconfiguration of current assets by turnover speed and recoverability. The findings provide a methodological basis for promptly initiating financial rehabilitation in distressed firms and achieving long-term competitiveness.