In this article, taking into account the identified problems in the development of cities of different administrative ranks, special measures of urban policy are proposed for cities of different ranks. These include: the formation of agglomerations; the transfer of administrative, educational, production facilities outside the city and the transfer of management functions to other structures; the creation of innovative, science-intensive and high-tech activities, innovation-technology clusters; the interaction of nearby territories with cities based on innovative forms of management; the creation of satellite cities; the development of industrial, social, transport, engineering service functions and sectors based on specialization; the development of mechanisms for transferring investments, labor and production resources.

The article highlights the post-industrial aspects of approaches to public administration, the "model of public service", the "model of public service" - the "service feature" of relations between the state and the public, theoretical issues of the application of business models in public administration, such as Business City, Smart City, Smart state, "Provider of public services". Based on theoretical approaches, it was proposed to provide public services to the population based on the principle of "state – service provider" as one of the most optimal solutions for public administration in a post-industrial society

Digital transformation of cities is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of Industry 4.0. This paper explores the role of digital twins in strategic planning for the development of smart cities within the context of Industry 4.0. The paper delves into how digital
twins can be used to model urban systems, optimize management, and facilitate data-driven decision-making. A particular focus is placed on the role of digital twins in fostering sustainable and inclusive urban environments.

This article examines the state of the movement of commodity and material resources in the commodity market of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2015–2024, the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and the composition of foreign trade using comparative and statistical analysis methods. The main objective of the study is to assess structural changes in the commodity market, identify existing problems related to logistics and import dependence, and develop scientifically based recommendations for the development of the sector. The results of the analysis show that during the period under study, the country's GDP increased by 72.6%, and foreign trade turnover by 177%. In addition, the volume of digital trade increased by an average annual rate of 40.2%, becoming the most promising segment of the commodity market. At the same time, systemic problems such as the high share of raw materials in the export structure, high logistics costs, and economic disparity between regions (a 6.3-fold difference between the city of Tashkent and Karakalpakstan) remained. The research findings developed practical proposals aimed at improving import substitution policies, developing logistics infrastructure, and reducing regional inequality.

This article examines the modeling and forecasting of urban population spatial distribution based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies. The study conducted geospatial analysis of population density, urbanization processes, and demographic changes using Tashkent city as a case study. Population spatial distribution forecasting models were developed using modern GIS software - ArcGIS, QGIS, and Python libraries. As a result, a forecast of geographic distribution of urban population for 2025-2035 has been prepared and practical recommendations for urban planning have been developed.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of gross regional product and GRP per capita across the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2010–2024. Based on statistical data, stable trends towards deepening territorial differentiation have been identified: the coefficient of variation of GRP per capita increased from 42.9% to 70.7%, exceeding the critical threshold of 50% established by international organizations. The gap between the most and least developed regions grew from 3.0 to 5.8 times. A periodization of regional polarization processes has been established, including three waves: moderate trajectory divergence (2010–2016), the beginning of active polarization during the reform period (2017–2020), and a sharp intensification of disparities (2021–2024). Regional clustering by the level of socio-economic development was conducted, identifying three groups: highly developed (Tashkent city and Navoi region), moderately developed (eight regions), and underdeveloped (four regions). The analysis showed that during the study period, not a single case of a region transitioning from one cluster to another was recorded, indicating the structural nature of regional disparities. The research results indicate the need for a radical revision of approaches to regional policy and the development of a comprehensive concept of territorial development.

The article examines the scientific and practical aspects of ensuring sanitary and environmental conditions for residents through the optimization of insolation within a microdistrict. It is shown that insolation is one of the key factors in shaping a healthy and comfortable urban environment, directly influencing building energy efficiency, ecological balance, and architectural and urban planning solutions. Calculation methods are proposed based on building geometry, regional climatic features, and the use of mathematical modeling. The interrelations of sanitary, ecological, and demographic conditions in the optimization of microdistrict infrastructure are demonstrated. Practical examples from the city of Tashkent and international experience are analyzed. Recommendations have been developed for integrating insolation requirements into regional urban development programs.

This article discusses the application of probability theory in economics. Probability theory is an important tool for accounting for uncertainties and assessing risks in various economic processes. The article provides detailed information on the application of this theory in risk management, insurance and investment, market analysis and game theory. With the help of probability theory, the possibilities of preliminary assessment of economic events and making optimal decisions are studied. This article shows the importance of using probability theory in economic analysis and decision making.

the article shows the organizational mechanisms of the system for organizing a digital platform for service enterprises in Uzbekistan based on the service classifier model

The article proves the presence of the following well-known global trends in the development of the urbanization process: a steady increase in the urban population in almost all countries; the staged nature of the urbanization process (the passage of pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial stages); the growth of the number of megacities in the world; differences in the course of urbanization processes in developed and developing countries; dependence of the level of urbanization on the level of economic development of the country. Based on a comparative analysis of foreign urbanization practices, existing world models of urbanization and the tools used (Belarus, Ghana, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, China, Poland, Russia, Tanzania, Turkey, Japan) are systematized. Based on the achieved effects, the need to consider urban policy in the aspect of integrated regional development in developing countries, including the Republic of Uzbekistan, is justified.

This article analyzes the general trend of hotel business development in Uzbekistan. At the same time, in the example of the Nadir Samarkand hotel located in the city of Samarkand, the problem of efficient distribution of resources was solved using the simplex method.