The article discusses the theory of equivalent exchange, analyzes the various
positions of scientists on this theory. The general and special features of the equivalent exchange
are revealed. The scientific and practical principles of ensuring equivalent exchange and the
formation of a mechanism of regulated market relations on this basis are outlined. The
methodological basis and essence of regulated market relations in the most general terms is
represented as cognition, scientific understanding and formation of ways to transform the value
of gross product and its structure into codifying distributive elements of price, as a toolkit of the
market mechanism of influence on production