The description of income and expenses as an object of accounting is researched in the article, in which the definitions of income and expenses as an economic category given by foreign and domestic scientists, the procedures presented in national and international standards are revealed. Also, as a result of research, theoretically improving definitions of income and expenses in accounting were developed by the author.
In this article, the features of accounting for objective factors leading to a legal decrease in profits of enterprises in Uzbekistan are analyzed analytically in accounting entries, using the example of issuing an advance report and bringing the excess part of excess daily food expenses to an increase in costs and a decrease in profits of enterprises
This article explores the statistical analysis of monetary income and expenses of the population. As a result of the study, the structural structure of the income and expenses of the population, their trends in change and factors affecting these indicators were determined. Based on the analysis, appropriate conclusions and practical recommendations have been developed.
The article covers issues of improving the tax audit of tax expenses. Theoretical issues of tax audit of tax expenses are studied and proposals for its improvement are given.
The article highlights issues of improving the accounting of tax expenses. Theoretical issues of tax expenditures are studied and proposals for their improvement are given.
The formation of enterprise profit and its recognition in accounting are essential for ensuring the reliability of financial reporting and supporting managerial decision-making. This article examines issues related to profit formation, the recognition and measurement of income and expenses, and the improvement of their proper allocation to reporting periods. The study also substantiates the importance of internal control systems in reducing the risks associated with profit manipulation.
This article examines the issues of improving the accounting and reporting of expenses for the payment of pensions and benefits by type in extra-budgetary pension funds. As a result of analytical research, scientific proposals and practical recommendations for transforming the accounting and reporting system to international accounting standards have been developed.
This article explores the improvement of the accounting system for environmental investment expenses at enterprises in the construction materials industry. The study identifies that under the current national chart of accounts, such expenses are recorded under general production costs, limiting transparency and analytical control. Therefore, the paper proposes the introduction of a new account 8540 – "Financing of Environmental Investment Expenditures" and its sub-accounts 8541, 8542, and 8543. Comparative analysis with IFRS standards and practical implementation based on selected industrial companies were conducted to justify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Tax costs are a significant part of business costs, affecting profitability, cash flow, competitiveness and compliance. Despite their importance, tax costs are often overlooked in business decision-making. This article examines the important role of tax expenditures as a component of enterprise costs, examining their impact on financial results, risk management, and strategic planning.
The article develops a system of key indicators of the financial and economic performance of trade enterprises. During the research process, definitions of the concepts of revenue and retail turnover were formulated. The indicators of retail turnover of trade enterprises were analyzed, and the factors affecting them were examined. The procedure for determining the cost of goods sold in trade enterprises was studied, definitions provided by economists for the economic category of “distribution costs” were reviewed, and proposals for improvement were offered. Recommendations were made for enhancing the methodology for accounting distribution costs related to the procurement of goods in trade enterprises, selling expenses, as well as for improving the analysis of the level of selling costs and their structure.
This article examines the formation of local budgets as an important stage of the financial strategy. At the same time, an analysis of the formation of income and expenses of the local budget of the Jizzakh region for 2024 was carried out. Proposals were made to improve the efficiency of local government bodies in the formation of the local budget.
This article examines the formation of local budgets as an important stage of the financial strategy. At the same time, an analysis of the formation of income and expenses of the local budget of the Jizzakh region for 2024 was carried out. Proposals were made to improve the efficiency of local government bodies in the formation of the local budget.
The article clarifies the concept of loss as an object of accounting in order to improve the accounting of expenses associated with the supply of electricity, as well as to identify and assess electrical losses, to fully objectively and systematically reflect them in accounting. It is disclosed that the losses in the economic system of the energy supply organization should be understood as the loss of the asset that exists in the organization, and the cost of sales should be understood as the expenses of the organization. When analyzing losses associated with delivery, the scientific basis for dividing them into more detailed direct losses and inefficient costs is given.
The article presents the experience of ICBC Bank of China, one of the economically developed countries, in the formation and management of the revenue base of commercial banks.
In this article, the advantages of the transition to international standards of financial reporting and the procedure for determining the price of the operation according to the standard of IFRS No. 15 "Revenue under contracts with customers" are given. Also, in cases where there is a significant component of financing, the issues of recognition of revenues, financial income and expenses, long-term trade receivables and contractual obligations, reflection in accounting accounts and financial reporting are covered.
The article analyzes the content and significance of the concept of "Practical analysis of pension system financing", income and expenses of the pension fund, financial sources of the pension fund, demographic, economic, social factors affecting the pension fund, state pension provision, funded pension provision, private pension provision, distributed and mixed pension models.
This article mentions current issues regarding the transfer of financial results accounting to international standards. Definitions given to financial results by foreign and domestic scientists have been critically studied. In the research work, an improved author's definition of financial results was developed. In the definition provided by the author, it is taken into account that profit or loss occurs as a result of the formation of financial results in accordance with international standards, the comparison of income and expenses based on the principle of compatibility, profit increases private capital, and loss is a factor that decreases private capital. The sequence of implementation of the principles of accrual, realization, compliance and economic benefit is recommended.
This article examines the effect of financial control on the purpose of expenditure. The inspections conducted in professional educational institutions and the analysis of the cases identified in them were studied, the effects of financial control contributing to economic efficiency were analyzed, and a conclusion was formed at the end of the article.
Practice shows that public finance management is constantly evolving, the organizational and legal forms of budgetary institutions are changing, as well as the procedure for their financing and state support for commercial organizations is also developing. It is obvious that this, in turn, increases the urgency of the issue of improving the state financial control. This article presents an analysis of the current state of work carried out in the system of state financial control in order to reform the public finance sector and ensure the efficient and rational use of budget funds.
The reforms being implemented today increase the responsibility of local governments for the timely financing of priority expenses and activities for the socio-economic development of regions, do not implement activities with unclear sources, and also contribute to the further tightening of budget discipline, budget revenues and expenditures. forecasts of its deficit, sources of financing the deficit. Requires improvement of information about the main directions of fiscal policy, analysis of macro-fiscal risks and public debt.
This article is devoted to the theoretical basis of reflecting the relations related to inventory in business entities of different types of ownership operating in our country in accounting. The types of inventories in business entities, the main tasks of the accountant in accounting for them, as well as opinions on the state of inventory and the establishment of internal control over their storage are highlighted. To fulfill these tasks, first of all, the proposals and recommendations on the use of primary accounting data, synthetic and analytical account registers have been developed. This eliminates several problems in the organization of inventory accounts in economic entities and serves to raise the level of financial reporting dataaccuracy.
In the context of modern financial management and control, the public sector is becoming the object of increasing attention. This article comprehensively analyzes the current state and promising directions for the development of the financial control system in state and public organizations, with special attention paid to optimizing control processes for the efficient use of public resources and achieving strategic goals. In addition, the article examines the problems faced by financial control in the public sector.
This article analyzed the profitability indicator, which is of great importance in the activity of railway enterprises, its role in reflecting the economic and financial status of the enterprise, and its interrelationship with other indicators.
The article discusses the issues of results-oriented budgeting. Results-based budgeting in a complex nonlinear system requires the formation of a clear financial goal. This also requires the formation of some basic indicators to determine even non-financial factors, norms, values that can be converted into budget revenues and expenses. The purpose of budget formation and execution is to achieve specific results in accordance with the strategic directions, goals and objectives of state budget policy. The author proposes a model for combining budget management with the “target funnel (vortex)” method, which ensures that budget expenditures are directed towards a target with the efficiency of their use in the financial and economic space. Performance management requires the work to be done to achieve them and the resources that must be expended in the process of doing that work. The paradigm that integrates the management of these three components is performance budgeting. The hallmark of results-based budgeting is flexibility. This flexibility allows the program administrator to adjust the annual financial plan based on the results of systematic monitoring of management activities, decision-making and measures to further improve public administration. It will also be possible to reward subjects who achieve the best results.
