This article examines the interconnections, differences, and roles of cost accounting and financial accounting in organizational management. Cost accounting provides data for strategic and operational decision-making within an organization, while financial accounting reflects the financial condition of the company for external stakeholders. The article compares cost accounting and financial accounting in terms of their users, objectives, focus areas, and reporting standards. Additionally, it highlights how these two accounting systems complement each other and contribute to improving the overall efficiency of the organization. The article is relevant and practical for managers, accountants, and researchers.

In accordance with the “Financial Instruments: Information Disclosure”
standard No. 7, the article describes the essence, purpose, functions and application aspects of
financial instrument accounting disclosure. In recent years, the variety of financial instruments
and the complexity of their dynamics in financial markets have sharply increased in the world.
This serves to increase the risk of financial instruments. The article describes the types of risks in
accounting for financial instruments and the procedure for explaining them. In the system of
international financial reporting standards, the topic of financial instruments is considered the
most complex. Accounting information for financial instruments requires a large amount of
knowledge and skills. IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures Good disclosure is more of an art
than a science

This article discusses the role of Islamic finance in Qatar’s economy, Islamic financial institutions located in Qatar, including Islamic banks, Islamic insurance companies, and the financial accounting standards used in them. The legal basis of the financial accounting standards used in Qatar will be covered. It examines the application of financial accounting rules in Qatari law to commercial organizations and Islamic financial institutions and reveals how two different financial accounting standards are used in the country.

This article examines the issues of improving the accounting of financial investments from the perspective of national and international standards. In particular, it analyzes the content, scope of application, and practical aspects of the National Accounting Standard No. 12 “Accounting for Financial Investments,” adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2024. The study explores the differences between traditional approaches to the measurement and classification of financial investments and modern models applied in international practice. Specifically, it provides a theoretical analysis of business model-based classification, fair value measurement, and the expected credit loss (ECL) model within the framework of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”. Furthermore, the article develops theoretical and practical recommendations aimed at enhancing accounting practices and improving the quality of financial reporting in the context of ongoing accounting reforms.

The article presents scientific proposals and practical recommendations for the formation of accounting policy in the Republic on the basis of the requirements of international standards of financial reporting, improvement of its methodology. In the formation of accounting policy, special attention is paid to its general, methodological, technical and organizational issues. The report also mentions the development of accounting policy for accounting and tax purposes, the requirements for it, amendments to the accounting policy, the procedure for reflecting assets and liabilities in the accounting policy.

This article examines the economic essence of the performance efficiency of Islamic financial institutions, their role in the modern financial system, and their significance in financing the real sector of the economy. The paper analyses the fundamental principles of Islamic finance, including the prohibition of riba, gharar and maysir, the reliance of financial transactions on real assets, the equitable distribution of profit and loss, and the compliance of financial operations with Shariah requirements. Particular attention is paid to the economic content, operational mechanisms, risk characteristics and profitability potential of Islamic financial instruments such as musharakah, mudarabah, murabahah, ijarah, salam, istisna, sukuk, qard hasan and takaful. The study substantiates the role of Islamic financial institutions in expanding financial inclusion, supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, financing investment projects and reducing systemic financial risks. The AAOIFI and IFSB international standards are considered important methodological foundations for the legal, accounting and prudential regulation of Islamic financial institutions. The article argues that the efficiency of Islamic financial instruments is reflected in their ability to distribute risks fairly, ensure asset-backed financing, strengthen social responsibility and contribute to sustainable economic development.

The article is devoted to the development of effective methods of accounting and financial reporting for export operations in enterprises of the agricultural sector. The study substantiates the need to integrate national accounting regulations (NAS/Accounting Standards) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), in particular IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, in relation to the accounting of agricultural product exports. It is shown that the implementation of a unified methodological model for accounting export operations, including revenue recognition, foreign currency accounting, and accounting for exchange rate differences, contributes to increasing the transparency of financial statements, reducing the risks of distortion of financial indicators, and strengthening the investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises.

This article examines the issues of accounting for financial assets and financial liabilities in higher education institutions. Based on the requirements of the Budget Accounting Standard No-2 of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the current procedures for accounting tuition fee revenues, settlements with students, receivables and payables, as well as financial obligations are analyzed. The study identifies practical problems faced by higher education institutions, including financial losses related to bank commission fees and inconsistencies in data between the billing and UzASBO systems. In order to address these issues, proposals have been developed to improve the mechanism for covering bank commissions, establish a unified payment platform, integrate information systems, and strengthen internal control and audit mechanisms.

The article examines the impact of revenue accounting policy on the reliability of financial statements in oil and gas organizations. The relevance of the research is due to the complexity of revenue recognition in the oil and gas industry, as well as the need to ensure transparency and reliability of financial information. The study employs comparative analysis, review of regulatory frameworks, and systematization of scientific literature. The findings indicate that the choice of revenue accounting policy significantly affects the presentation of financial results and may either enhance or reduce users’ confidence in financial statements. Practical recommendations aimed at improving accounting policy to increase the reliability of financial reporting are proposed.

This article explores the modernization of accounting based on digital technologies. Innovations in the field of accounting are primarily aimed at the implementation of digital systems and increasing the efficiency of automated processes. The study analyzes the key challenges and opportunities involved in the digital transformation of accounting. Special attention is paid to digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain, which contribute to enhancing the efficiency of accounting practices, reducing errors, and saving time. The paper also thoroughly examines the challenges that arise during the digital revolution in accounting, including technological barriers, the shortage of qualified specialists, and issues related to system interoperability. At the same time, the potential of new technologies, innovative solutions, future prospects, and the requirements for modernizing accounting systems are discussed in detail. The findings of the study are particularly focused on a comprehensive analysis of the changes occurring during the integration of accounting with digital systems and on providing scientific and practical recommendations.

This article describes the accounting policy for the preparation of financial statements of joint-stock companies based on international standards, based on specific principles, methods, generally accepted conditions and rules and practical approaches, as well as four-stage general rules for the preparation of financial statements, the main objects of accounting and application.

This article highlights the importance of accounting policies in the organization of accounting work and financial reporting in business entities. The article clarifies the goals set by the management of an economic entity when forming accounting policies. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed for the use of international financial reporting standards in the formation of accounting policies.

This article reveals the specific aspects of accounting in Islamic financial institutions and the procedure for accounting for a murabaha agreement, which is one of the commercial agreements. The main points on financing of the negotiations are given, and the documents pay special attention to the description of transactions related to it. In particular, the features of the method chosen by the financial institution are discussed, as well as the accounting procedures in Islamic financial institutions, the similarities and differences in accounting in traditional and Islamic banks. The conclusion presents the main points regarding the implementation of the Murobaha trade agreement.

This article discusses the main directions of improving the accounting system in non-bank credit institutions in the context of digitalization of the financial sector. The analysis of the current state of accounting processes in microfinance organizations, pawnshops and other non-bank credit institutions is carried out. The international approaches to the organization of financial reporting are investigated and the key problems of accounting in this sector are identified. Practical recommendations on the introduction of digital technologies, standardization of accounting procedures and improvement of the quality of financial reporting of non-bank credit institutions are proposed.

Today, two benchmarks - International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS) and the generally accepted accounting rules of the USA - BHUQ (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - GAAP) are recognized as the standard of accounting. According to the analysis, there is almost no accountant in the world who is not aware of MHXS. Also, the number of countries that recognize international standards is increasing day by day. Also, the number of countries that recognize international standards is increasing day by day. It serves as an important tool in mutual cooperation between the countries of the world, including in the development of economic relations, especially in improving the investment environment. This article covers a number of aspects such as MHSS, international experience, and its use in the countries of the world.

The article is devoted to identifying ways to improve the management accounting methodology of companies in the energy industry of Uzbekistan to increase the efficiency of their financial management. To do this, a regression analysis of the dependence of the availability and quality of provided electricity resources in Uzbekistan on the factors identified in the literature review is carried out based on World Bank statistics for 2003-2020. As a result, key areas of management accounting for companies in the energy industry of Uzbekistan have been identified, which have the greatest positive impact on the efficiency of their financial management. Taking into account the identified areas, the author's recommendations are proposed to improve the methodology of management accounting of energy industry companies in Uzbekistan to increase the efficiency of their financial management.

This article examines issues related to the reform of accounting and financial reporting at the current stage of the country’s development, the attraction of foreign investors, the enhancement of financial reporting transparency, the harmonization of financial reporting with International Financial Reporting Standards, as well as the accurate presentation of impairment values of property, plant and equipment and the implementation of large-scale economic transformations.

This article considers progress in the performance of the tasks specified in the Resolution No. 4611 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 24, 2020 "On additional measures for the transition to International Standards of Financial Reporting", and the implementation of curricula and programs in the field of "Accounting and auditing" in higher education according to international financial reporting standards. The work carried out on the coordination of IFRS, including the updated topics included in the program of the subject of "financial accounting", accreditation requirements are described. In addition to the achievements, there are proposals to accelerate the activities of professional organizations, to recommend methodological work based on the IFRS, to strengthen cooperation with practice, to involve practitioners in the development of case studies and sets of issues.

This article analyzes scientific research conducted in the field of financial planning and highlights their theoretical and practical aspects. The role of financial planning in economic processes, its tasks at the strategic and tactical levels, and its impact on the financial stability of enterprises were analyzed on a scientific basis. Also, based on the experience of foreign countries, modern methods of financial planning, including budgeting, financial modeling, scenario analysis, and risk management, were studied. The results of the analysis show that financial planning is an important management tool that ensures economic growth and stability. Its effectiveness is directly related to the use of a correct information base, advanced accounting methods, and international standards.

In this article, the main problems in the accounting of cash and equivalents, the transition from strictly regulated accounting to accounting based on the principles of MFRS are recommended. On the basis of foreign experiences, proposals were developed to improve the composition of cash and cash equivalents. Accounts for recording cash flows have been included in the working chart of accounts of enterprises, and their accounting procedures have been developed. The issues of IFRS No. 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, IAS No. 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates” and International Standards on Accounting for Financial Instruments” on the organization of cash accounting, and the liberalization of cash transactions were studied.

In this article, the practical significance of improving the accounting system in Ukraine and the application of the National Accounting System in national accounting, as well as increasing the flow of foreign investments to our economy by using these reports and this issues of developing our economy in Ukraine, as well as the measures of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Improving the accounting system in Ukraine and encouraging its transfer to international standards of financial reporting It is mentioned that the draft of the decision "on" has served as an important basis for the development of the application of IFRS in the economy of our country.

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of the accounting of financial results, the adaptation of today's relevant accounting to international standards, the study of the accounting of financial results was carried out. Also, within the framework of economic literature, problems related to the industry in our country and their elimination were analyzed, and conclusions were drawn at the end.

This article highlights the specific features of Islamic banks' financial reporting. Financial statement forms are analyzed separately in accordance with the rules of conventional and Islamic accounting. Specifically, it highlights changes in the composition of the balance sheet, which reflects the financial position of an enterprise. The reasons for adding three additional financial statement forms to conventional accounting in Islamic accounting are explained in turn. The article also provides an example of a statement of changes in restricted investments. Finally, the article concludes with conclusions regarding the distribution of profits and losses in Islamic banks.

The article deals with the preparation of financial accounts in railway transport enterprises, the formation of accounting policies, the documentation of data and the reflection in financial reports and management in accordance with international standards.

The article analyzes the nature, tasks, functions and methods of strategic management accounting in economic entities. Scientific conclusions and proposals are given on the important aspects that determine the essence of strategic management accounting.