This article examines the issues of improving the accounting of financial investments from the perspective of national and international standards. In particular, it analyzes the content, scope of application, and practical aspects of the National Accounting Standard No. 12 “Accounting for Financial Investments,” adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2024. The study explores the differences between traditional approaches to the measurement and classification of financial investments and modern models applied in international practice. Specifically, it provides a theoretical analysis of business model-based classification, fair value measurement, and the expected credit loss (ECL) model within the framework of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”. Furthermore, the article develops theoretical and practical recommendations aimed at enhancing accounting practices and improving the quality of financial reporting in the context of ongoing accounting reforms.

Currently, the issues of improving the financial planning system, which is the main functional element of financial management, are widely studied all over the world. In particular, in the context of a global pandemic, targeted research is being conducted on the formation of a financial planning system capable of quickly adapting to changing conditions in foreign markets and its perfect model in combination with strategic plans. Also, one of the main functional elements of financial management is focused on improving the organizational architecture of financial diagnostics, which embodies a wide range of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of financial and economic activities of companies.

Due to government backing of the anti-financial crisis policy, state-owned enterprises successfully upheld their financial stability and navigated their way out of the crisis. We analyzed the crisis management abilities of specific state-owned companies in Uzbekistan, assessing the degree of financial strain they encountered. A new relative solvency model of Enyi was implemented to evaluate four strategically significant state enterprises operating in Uzbekistan.

This article examines the transformative role of neural networks in econometrics and financial decision-making, emphasizing their influence on personal finance, automation, healthcare, transportation, and human-computer interaction. Neural networks, inspired by the structure of the human brain, have the potential to revolutionize these sectors by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making capabilities. In personal finance, they can optimize budgeting, savings, and expenditure management through automated models such as the McCulloch-Pitts neuron. In healthcare, neural networks improve diagnostic capabilities and enable predictive treatment. The article also highlights the applications of neural networks in econometrics to analyze financial patterns, detect fraud, and manage risks more effectively. However, it also addresses the ethical concerns related to data privacy, security, and biases in algorithmic decision-making, stressing the importance of responsible development. Ultimately, it concludes that, despite the challenges, the benefits of integrating neural networks into econometric models and financial systems are substantial and indispensable for modern advancements.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of student mobility and tourism flows in Central Asia, drawing on the experience of the European Union. The economic impact of student flows is assessed through empirical analysis, which confirms the long‑term economic efficiency of the “student‑tourist” synergy. Based on these findings, the study proposes a new integrative framework for the Central Asian states—the Silk Road Student Mobility Program. The model merges a digital platform, an integration network and financial instruments to create a unified regional ecosystem for student mobility. The paper offers science‑based, practical recommendations aimed at boosting the economic contribution of student tourism and deepening regional integration across Central Asia.

This article examines how financial stability in agriculture can be enhanced through the integration of budgetary, insurance and banking mechanisms of agricultural financing. The main purpose of the study is to assess the synergistic effect of combining government budget support, agricultural insurance and commercial bank lending in the context of Uzbekistan’s rural sector. The methodological framework includes a literature review, correlation and regression analysis, an insurance pricing model, credit risk analysis and the assessment of a farm capitalization index. The empirical database is built using statistics from international organizations such as the IMF, FAO, World Bank and OECD, as well as official data from Uzbekistan. The results show that higher public agricultural expenditure reduces the volatility of agricultural growth, expanded insurance coverage improves farmers’ access to credit, and insured loans exhibit significantly lower default probabilities. The relatively low farm capitalization index indicates that Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector is undercapitalized and constrained in terms of long-term investments. The authors argue that the integrated use of budgetary support, insurance schemes and bank lending should be viewed as a strategic direction for strengthening financial stability in agriculture and propose practical policy recommendations for agricultural and financial authorities.

The article proposes a practical approach to systematically assessing the financial condition of financially distressed enterprises and guiding their sustainable development. The study builds a diagnostic model based on indicators such as liquidity, solvency, financial stability, operating profitability, and return on assets. To evaluate bankruptcy risk, the author recommends using an interlinked trio of the pro forma balance sheet, cash-flow budget, and budgeted income statement, alongside a review of pricing and partnership arrangements, cost optimization, and reconfiguration of current assets by turnover speed and recoverability. The findings provide a methodological basis for promptly initiating financial rehabilitation in distressed firms and achieving long-term competitiveness.

The article presents an analysis of the approaches developed in theory and in practice to the disclosure of the economic content of the category “financial strategy of the organization”. It is proved that the prerequisites for effective management of an organization are the development and implementation of a financial strategy focused on modern conditions of the external and internal environment, as well as taking into account the specifics of the industry and the applied business model. Digitalization has become one of the key trends in modern development, affecting many areas of modern society.

Nowadays, B2B data pricing models are dominated by the seller side, ignoring buyers’ perspectives. Traditional model results in reduced market efficiency and suboptimal financial outcomes for all stakeholders in the long run. This research analyzes components such as value levers (i.e., functions for buyers and sellers), a dynamic algorithm using LightGBM machine learning, and an API for real-time pricing.

The article examines the theoretical foundations of regional development, analyzing the stages of the formation of its concepts and contemporary approaches. In addition to traditional theories of convergence and divergence, and the core–periphery model, modern concepts such as endogenous growth, innovation, and clustering are also considered. Particular attention is given to the role of financial mechanisms and public finance in promoting regional development, as well as the importance of institutional and organizational frameworks in enhancing their effectiveness. It is emphasized that, under current conditions, the most effective path to regional development is an integrative approach that harmonizes economic, social, political, and cultural factors. Accordingly, the article scientifically substantiates the principles of targeted and efficient use of financial instruments to ensure regional prosperity and sustainable economic growth.

This article analyzes the theoretical models of digitalization in institutional development and their relevance to the financial system. Based on scholarly sources and international experience, it is demonstrated that digital technologies enhance transparency, ensure accountability, reduce transaction costs, and increase economic efficiency in the relations between the state and the private sector. The Technology Acceptance Model, the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, and Institutional Theory are examined as the main approaches to implementing digital solutions. The study also highlights national-level challenges, including insufficient digital infrastructure integration, weak incentive mechanisms for small and medium-sized enterprises, and cybersecurity risks. According to the author’s conclusions, aligning digital technologies with institutional reforms and international standards is a key factor in strengthening the stability of Uzbekistan’s financial system and building public trust.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems arising in the process of globalization and experienced in adjusting the National Accounting Standards (NAS) in Uzbekistan, including the standard related to intangible assets, in compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as well as the solutions proposed thereof. Herewith the author proposes the recommendations worked out for recognition of intangible assets, assessment of book value, the method of calculating amortization, revaluation model, the order of disclosure of information on intangible assets in the financial statements in accordance with international standards (IFRS 38). Moreover, there some considerations on the revaluation model of intangible assets to assess their impact on initial value, amortization, long-term and total assets.

The article is devoted to the development of effective methods of accounting and financial reporting for export operations in enterprises of the agricultural sector. The study substantiates the need to integrate national accounting regulations (NAS/Accounting Standards) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), in particular IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, in relation to the accounting of agricultural product exports. It is shown that the implementation of a unified methodological model for accounting export operations, including revenue recognition, foreign currency accounting, and accounting for exchange rate differences, contributes to increasing the transparency of financial statements, reducing the risks of distortion of financial indicators, and strengthening the investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises.

These findings underscore the need for context-specific corporate governance models to optimize overall financial performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the understanding of how multiple governance models affect bank stability globally and provides information for policy makers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks. These findings underscore the need for context-specific ways of corporate governance to optimize economic performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the expert knowledge of the ways in which different governance models affect the global stability of financial institutions and provides information for policymakers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks.

This article investigates the impact of the management model of a company, which is one of the leaders in the insurance market, on the management of the company, their interdependence, the impact on the investment potential of the company, the sources of financial activity of insurance companies, the reserves of the enterprise, the mechanism of their formation. In addition, an analysis of the main financial and economic indicators of the insurance company was carried out, the participation of the insurance company in the insurance market, the approaches and views of foreign scholars in this regard, the investment policies of insurance companies, an analysis of problems in the insurance market were studied, and development prospects were presented in detail. Scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at further development and increasing their financial and economic potential with the widespread use of the advanced management models for insurance companies in Uzbekistanhave been developed.

The article analyzes the indicators of financial stability of banks and the econometric relationship between the national economy. Based on the correlation of the gross domestic product of the country and the indicators of financial stability of banks, an econometric model is formed and the corresponding conclusions are given.

This article develops the theoretical and methodological foundations for a comprehensive assessment of banking service efficiency provided to individuals. The study proposes a multidimensional evaluation framework that integrates traditional financial indicators with customer satisfaction metrics, digital service quality, operational efficiency, risk management level, and institutional sustainability indicators. Furthermore, an integrated performance assessment model is designed to evaluate retail banking services in the context of digital transformation. The research findings contribute to enhancing customer-oriented banking strategies, improving service quality, and strengthening competitiveness in the retail banking sector.

This scientific study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of tax incentives and subsidy policies in the development of the hotel industry in Uzbekistan and South Korea. The work comprehensively studies the methods of financial stimulation of the hotel sector, their impact on investment attractiveness and regional economic 

growth based on the experience of the two countries. The main objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of economic instruments that support the development of the hotel industry, in particular, through tax incentives and state subsidies. At the same time, the practical results of public-private partnership mechanisms are also evaluated based on empirical evidence. During the study, the relative advantages of the effectiveness of financial approaches used in Uzbekistan and South Korea are determined; The impact of tax and subsidy policies on reducing interregional disparities and increasing tourism potential is assessed; An incentive model adapted for Uzbekistan, based on international best practices, is developed. This study is of practical and theoretical importance for economists, analysts, tourism decision-makers, investment policymakers, as well as postgraduate researchers. The study not only highlights existing economic and institutional problems, but also puts forward scientifically based proposals for their solution. Therefore, this work serves as a reliable source for creating a sustainable tourism policy. The scientific novelty of the study is the first systematic comparative analysis of the practice of applying tax incentives and subsidies in the hotel industry of Uzbekistan and South Korea. This work identifies the impact of tax incentives on criteria such as investment activity, regional development, and service quality. In addition, an incentive model adapted to national conditions and focused on economic efficiency was developed, and practical recommendations were given for the development of tourism infrastructure based on public-private partnerships.

In this article, the stock market of Uzbekistan and securities for choosing an investment portfolio for investors operating in the stock market are analyzed based on the CAPM model and other indicators. In addition, the development prospects of Uzbekistan's stock market, problems and their solutions are thoroughly researched. Investment portfolio analysis is an important tool used to evaluate the performance of investment portfolios in the capital market. This analysis involves evaluating various assets in the portfolio such as stocks and other financial instruments. In addition, the article explores the analysis necessary for investors to assess the risk and return of their investments and maximize their returns.

The article discusses the issues of results-oriented budgeting. Results-based budgeting in a complex nonlinear system requires the formation of a clear financial goal. This also requires the formation of some basic indicators to determine even non-financial factors, norms, values that can be converted into budget revenues and expenses. The purpose of budget formation and execution is to achieve specific results in accordance with the strategic directions, goals and objectives of state budget policy.
The author proposes a model for combining budget management with the “target funnel (vortex)” method, which ensures that budget expenditures are directed towards a target with the efficiency of their use in the financial and economic space. Performance management requires the work to be done to achieve them and the resources that must be expended in the process of doing that work. The paradigm that integrates the management of these three components is performance budgeting. The hallmark of results-based budgeting is flexibility. This flexibility allows the program administrator to adjust the annual financial plan based on the results of systematic monitoring of management activities, decision-making and measures to further improve public administration. It will also be possible to reward subjects who achieve the best results.

In this article, based on the financial reports of the participants of the insurance market of Uzbekistan, the relationship between their financial indicators, in particular, the relationship between the return on capital, profitability, insurance reserve, is studied. As a control factor, the impact of companies' online search engine optimization (SEO) on financial performance was also assessed. Also, in the article, these relationships were statistically analyzed using two different models.

The aim of this study is to develop a phased model for the gradual formation of an alternative finance ecosystem in Uzbekistan, taking into account the country’s existing financial market infrastructure, institutional capacity, and available alternative finance instruments. To achieve this objective, the study adopts a predominantly qualitative approach. The analysis results in the formulation of key policy directions and implementation stages for the development of an alternative finance ecosystem in the country. In particular, the study outlines the establishment of an institutional foundation to support alternative finance, the design of a human capital development strategy and the enhancement of awareness in the field of Islamic finance, the phased introduction of Islamic capital market instruments and the preparation and sequencing of development programs.

This article analyzes the methods of assessing risks affecting the income of foreign companies and their working mechanisms. The functions of cross-linking of risks affecting the income of enterprises and the criteria of their influence have been developed.

This article is devoted to assessing the prospects for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to Uzbekistan until 2030 in the context of accelerating structural modernization of the economy, expanding public-private partnerships, the growth of the "green" agenda, and the deepening of digital reforms. The purpose of the study is to identify factors that determine not only the quantitative scale of capital inflow but also its qualitative contribution to productivity, technological renewal, export diversification, and the formation of local value chains. The methodological framework combines comparative-institutional, structural, and problem-oriented analysis of official and analytical materials from 2022-2025. Based on a literature review, it is shown that for developing and transition economies, the sustainable effect of FDI depends on the quality of institutions, the predictability of the regulatory environment, the depth of the financial market, and the state's ability to link investment policy with industrial, innovation, and infrastructure strategies. It is established that Uzbekistan possesses significant competitive This article is devoted to assessing the prospects for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to Uzbekistan until 2030 in the context of accelerating structural modernization of the economy, expanding public-private partnerships, the growth of the "green" agenda, and the deepening of digital reforms. The purpose of the study is to identify factors that determine not only the quantitative scale of capital inflow but also its qualitative contribution to productivity, technological renewal, export diversification, and the formation of local value chains. The methodological framework combines comparative-institutional, structural, and problem-oriented analysis of official and analytical materials from 2022-2025. Based on a literature review, it is shown that for developing and transition economies, the sustainable effect of FDI depends on the quality of institutions, the predictability of the regulatory environment, the depth of the financial market, and the state's ability to link investment policy with industrial, innovation, and infrastructure strategies. It is established that Uzbekistan possesses significant competitive

This article examines the issues of financial support for the social sector. The study outlines the economic essence of the social sphere, its main funding sources, and its place within the state budget system. The role of fiscal policy in shaping social expenditures and supporting social development is also analyzed. The research employs both descriptive and econometric methods. Using a multiple regression model, it evaluates the impact of tax revenues, budget deficits, and inflation indicators on the share of social expenditures. The findings made it possible to develop certain scientific conclusions and practical recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of social sector financing.