This article examines the relationship of the household sector with economic events and processes, as well as its influence on the socio-economic development of the country. It reviews key theories, such as the life cycle theory (Modigliani) and the permanent income hypothesis (Friedman), that explain the saving and consumption behavior of households. It analyzes factors influencing the saving rate, including demographic changes, economic growth, income uncertainty, and interest rates. Particular attention is paid to the role of pension savings, inheritance, and public policy in shaping household financial decisions. The article also touches upon the functioning of the stock market and its interaction with households, as well as the impact of technological and social changes on the saving rate. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of taking into account the historical context and contemporary economic conditions in understanding the dynamics of saving and its role in economic development.

This article provides an empirical analysis of the key economic factors influencing regional disparities in household income. The study examines indicators such as per capita income, average wages, employment rate, investment volume, and healthcare infrastructure availability. The findings reveal that wage levels and the amount of attracted investments are the main determinants of income growth, while employment rates and healthcare resources exert indirect effects, serving as supplementary drivers of regional welfare. The results have both theoretical and practical significance for the development of regional economic policies aimed at reducing income disparities across territories

In the article, the economic development of the electrotechnical industry, the rate of growth of the production volume of electrotechnical products, and the export indicators of electrotechnical products are studied over the years, and the geography of product export is highlighted. Development prospects for the next period have been defined.

In this article, in an econometric analysis of household income and demand for consumer goods, energy consumption per capita is assessed, the problems of ensuring energy savings are studied, the processes for eliminating them, as well as the efficient use of electrical energy resources have been studied. To assess the electricity consumption of the Republic of Uzbekistan, energy consumption in industries and sectors of the economy was compared and analyzed, and using elasticity coefficients it was studied how much electricity consumption will increase the income of the population by 1%.

In this article, it became known that the benefits provided by the state play an important role in the efficient use of the household lands of the population in eliminating the problem of food insecurity. In particular, the analysis of statistical data on households and farms was studied. In our country, the practice of secondary distribution of land allocated to the population was studied, and its impact on the dynamics of production was determined. Positive and negative factors affecting the use of homestead land by the population were determined. Conclusions based on the mechanisms of financial support for homesteading and the impact of increasing land productivity, attracting new irrigation technologies, and rational, economical use of water in increasing the incomes of the population have been formed.

Despite the steady development of the economy of our republic, which leads to a consistent increase in national income and an increase in household incomes, there is a need for financial mechanisms aimed at reducing income inequality by observing the principles of social justice.

The article examines the development evolution of family business based on a historical approach according to periods. In it, the socio-economic nature and research directions of family entrepreneurship are studied according to the first stages of formation and development. Also, the role of the family in the supply of resources, its income, consumption and savings behavior, and its interaction with the state are revealed in the economy. On this basis, directions for expanding the theories of family business development are proposed.

This comprehensive study examines the theoretical issues surrounding the existence of the informal economy, exploring the complex interactions between formal and informal economic activities. It examines the economic theories that explain informality, the social and cultural factors that influence informal practices, and the relationship between the informal and formal sectors. The study explores challenges in defining and measuring the informal economy, discussing different methodological approaches, including labor market surveys, household surveys, participatory research, and technological innovation. The dissertation also addresses policy issues affecting economic growth, social dynamics, and government revenue.

The article covers aspects related to waste management and ensuring environmental safety in economically developed countries and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Also, the scientific considerations regarding the waste, its occurrence, the world experience in the processing of harmful waste and their neutralization are described, and suggestions and recommendations are developed at the end of the article.

In this article, a statistical study of the level and dynamics of life of the population is carried out. To determine the main directions for assessing the standard of living of the population in our country and statistical analysis of the monetary incomes of the population in its territories, the sources of their formation

This article examines the use of the ARIMA model for analyzing and forecasting the macroeconomic indicators of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The application of the ARIMA model allowed for the identification of stable trends and provided accurate forecasts for such indicators as gross domestic product (GDP), industrial production, investment in fixed capital, and aggregate household income.

Improving the standard of living of the rural population, the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas is one of the priorities of the state economic policy being implemented today. Based on this, this article will consider the issues of improving the activities of farmers, peasant farms and household landowners, which are considered effective forms of management in improving the standard of living of the rural population.

The article examines the organizational and economic mechanisms of improving the efficiency of services in the regions. The main focus is on cases of improving the quality and efficiency of services by modernizing the service sector based on new technologies in the context of innovative economic development.

This article examines the impact of inflation on the purchasing power of the population, as well as the consequences of this process for households of various social groups. Based on the analysis of existing literature and our own research, the main causes of inflation, its impact on real incomes of citizens and changes in the structure of consumption were identified. The article also suggests measures to protect against the negative consequences of inflation both from the state and at the individual level. The results of the study emphasize the importance of understanding the mechanisms of inflation and its impact on the household economy, and recommend the implementation of strategies to minimize the risks associated with inflationary processes.

This article is dedicated to the study of the theoretical and practical aspects of self-employment. It examines research on the concept of self-employment by foreign and domestic scholars, its specific characteristics, and factors that have a direct impact. The role and significance of self-employment in reducing youth unemployment are revealed, and its age and regional characteristics are analyzed. The work being done in the republic to develop this sector and the opportunities being created are highlighted.

The article includes an in-depth study of the consumer services market, including an analysis of relevant and generalizing issues, taking into account the specialization of various types and forms of services. The paper examines the relationship between the current situation in this area, the level of demand for it, the need for household services and the level of income of the population in the regions, and also determines the main trends in the development of the industry.

This study evaluates the technical efficiency of wheat-producing farms in the Samarkand region and identifies the key factors influencing it. The analysis is based on survey data collected from 300 farmers in 2024. A two-stage methodological approach was applied: in the first stage, technical efficiency scores for each farm were estimated using the Cobb-Douglas production function; in the second stage, socio-economic and institutional determinants of efficiency were assessed using the Tobit regression model. The results reveal that the average technical efficiency level is 0.868, indicating that farmers have the potential to increase productivity by 13% using existing resources. According to the Tobit model, household size, the practice of tree planting, and the freedom to use fertilizers have a statistically significant and positive impact on efficiency, whereas membership in agricultural clusters has a significant but negative effect. The findings suggest that enhancing technical efficiency requires liberalizing input use, promoting environmentally friendly practices, and improving institutional frameworks.

This article proposes a methodology for determining and analyzing the volume and value of “non-working” savings of the population of Uzbekistan, that is, investments and reserves in monetary and non-monetary form, not attracted to the official economy as investments. The methodology takes into account the specifics of the economy, in particular, the high level of influence of the US dollar on the domestic market, the high share of the shadow economy, and the low level of development of investment companies. This study proposes a multi-stage approach, in particular a multi-stage approach that combines macroeconomic balance methods, household microdata, behavioural models of cash demand, and a Bayesian structural module for resource integration. Data sources, validation processes, distribution by region, and implementation algorithm are described.

This article examines the practical role of mahalla institutions in promoting employment, evaluates the effectiveness of existing organizational and institutional mechanisms, and substantiates the need for their improvement. The survey conducted at the mahalla level reveals that employment remains insufficiently prioritized among the main areas of mahalla activity, and current initiatives lack systematization. Within the study, an integrated institutional–organizational mechanism was developed to strengthen the functions of mahalla institutions across diagnostics, vocational training, support for self-employment initiatives, mobilization of financial resources, and monitoring. The proposed mechanism is aimed at enhancing the institutional capacity of mahalla governance in employment promotion, supporting household-based entrepreneurship, and revitalizing local labor markets.

This article examines the prospects of implementing “green mortgage” programs in Uzbekistan and their economic effectiveness. Drawing on international experience, the study explores the advantages of green mortgages, including preferential interest rates, energy-efficiency certification systems, and refinancing mechanisms for banks. The findings indicate that green mortgage programs can significantly reduce energy consumption, modernize the housing stock, lower household expenses, and improve environmental sustainability. The analysis concludes that successful implementation in Uzbekistan requires strengthening the institutional framework, expanding financial incentives, and enhancing cooperation with international financial institutions.

This article develops an econometric framework to formalize the determinants of consumer behavior and to quantify their effects on purchase decisions and consumption volumes. The analysis systematizes key drivers such as income and income uncertainty, prices and inflation expectations, household socio-demographic characteristics, access to information and digital channels, marketing exposure, and behavioral factors (trust and risk preferences). Methodologically, the study employs discrete-choice models (logit/probit) to estimate purchase probabilities, regression and panel data specifications (fixed/random effects) to model demand intensity, and strategies to mitigate endogeneity (instrumental variables and robustness checks). The proposed formalization supports evidence-based consumer policy design, market monitoring, and evaluation of interventions aimed at improving market transparency and consumer welfare.

This article scientifically examines the role of human capital development in reducing poverty. It analyzes the opportunities for increasing household incomes through improving the quality of education, strengthening healthcare systems, and enhancing professional skills. The significance of the human factor in ensuring socio-economic stability is also substantiated. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of policies aimed at developing human capital and offers practical recommendations.