The purpose of this article is to study the economic role of intellectual capital and the characteristics of its reproduction mechanism and inclusion in economic circulation. It is emphasized that understanding the patterns of the process of intellectual capital inclusion and creating the necessary conditions for this are currently the most topical problems of economic theory and practice. The article studies the economic role of intellectual capital and the features of its reproduction mechanism and inclusion in the economic circulation using the comparative method as a research method.

This article examines the development dynamics of the digital payment system in Uzbekistan and its impact on the economy and financial inclusion. By analyzing the activities of local payment systems (Uzcard, Humo, Payme, Click, and others), the article highlights annual growth indicators of digital payment volumes, the share of non-cash settlements, and reforms implemented under the national "Digital Uzbekistan-2030" strategy. The study concludes with scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations for further improvement of digital payment infrastructure and expanding financial services to all segments of the population.

This article attempts to shed light on the general idea of Islamic FinTech and how concerning it is for the current Islamic financial ecosystem's evolution. Additionally, the main goal of this paper is to emphasize the beneficial effects of Islamic FinTech on social inclusion, particularly for people in isolated and underprivileged places. It gives examples of how Islamic FinTech has aided financial literacy, boosted the economy in underdeveloped areas, and empowered people and small companies.

The development of the Islamic microfinance system in the Republic of Uzbekistan is of great importance for ensuring financial inclusion and economic growth. The research analyzes the structure of Islamic microfinance institutions, their performance indicators, and development prospects. The results show that there are opportunities for further system development through improving the legal framework and implementing international experience.

This article analyzes the impact of financial technologies (FinTech) on the development of Uzbekistan’s financial system. It is argued that FinTech projects serve as an essential tool for improving financial inclusion, enhancing service efficiency, and boosting economic productivity through digital payments, mobile banking, and microcredit services. The discussion is based on statistical data, international practices, and national legislation, highlighting the future potential of FinTech in the country.

This article explores the essence and role of alternative sources of financing in the context of the development of competition in lending markets, with a focus on microcredit organizations. The author analyzes the influence of microcredit organizations on the dynamics of competition, their ability to reduce barriers to access to financial services and improve lending conditions for small businesses and people with limited financial resources. The study results highlight the importance of microcredit organizations in promoting competition and expanding financial inclusion for a wide range of consumers and entrepreneurs.

This article discusses aspects of development and the impact of digital transformation of services, which is necessary for the development of the economy of any country at the present time, and is also a necessary condition for inclusion in the list of countries with developed potential, because digitalization at the moment concerns not only the economy, but and all other aspects of our lives in the context of globalization.

The resource dependency theory (RDT) is used to guide an empirical analysis of the higher education system in Uzbekistan. The regression models are applied to a panel dataset consisting of 62 Uzbek higher education institutions, covering the period 2000-2013, to examine the determinants of the expenditure decisions made by institutions. The key hypothesis is concerned with the relationship between the share of revenue from tuition fees and the share of expenditure spent on teaching. The analysis attempts to control for unobserved heterogeneity through the inclusion of fixed effects. Instrumental variables estimation is used to address the potential endogeneity of the relationship between these two variables. The main finding is that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the share of revenue from tuition fees and the share of expenditure spent on teaching, even after other factors are held contact, which is consistent with a core premise of RDT.

According to the measures for the rapid development of all sectors in the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the initiative of the head of our state, 2 types of activity have been designated as specific "growth points" in each district. From that, tourism and greenhouses were identified as the driver industries in Ellikkala district. It's not for nothing. Because the historical objects in the area - castles, are expected to become one of the main tourist destinations of Ellikkala. Of these, 21 listed castles are considered to be worthy of inclusion in the international tourism route today. In 2020, as the flow of tourists decreased significantly due to the coronavirus pandemic, more than 40,000 pilgrims and travelers visited the district in the direction of domestic tourism, "Norinjon Bobo", "Kechirmas Ota Ziratgohi and Shifo Maskani", archaeological monuments and other tourist facilities.

This article examines the processes of integration of traditional and Islamic banking activities, their impact on the global financial market, and the opportunities and challenges in this area. The study analyzes the economic efficiency of the creation of “Islamic windows” within traditional banks, their role in ensuring financial stability, and the possibilities of diversifying the financial market. It also highlights the importance of this integration in the stability of the banking system in developing countries and attracting foreign investment based on empirical and theoretical approaches. The article reveals the prospects for international financial cooperation and strengthening the position of Islamic finance in the global financial market.

Women play a pivotal role in reshaping Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, contributing to diversity, innovation, and inclusive work environments. This research explores the transformative impact of women in HRM, focusing on their leadership styles, the barriers they face, and their contributions to organizational success. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and case studies, this study highlights the unique strategies employed by women in HR and the resulting implications for HR policies and practices. The findings underline the need for systemic support to overcome gender biases and amplify women’s influence in HRM.v

The article explains the essence of such concepts as creative economy, inclusive economy, inclusive education and persons with disabilities, as well as directions for increasing the participation of students with disabilities in the fields of creative economy.

The article discusses the impact of Islamic finance on economic changes in the process of achieving economic stability and improving reforms in our country. At the same time, the author expressed his views as one of the most important factors leading to significant and complex changes in the structure, systems and activities of the modern economy, which is one of the most important factors that determine a stable increase in the level of production, competitiveness and general economic well-being. The author further strengthened these views based on the statistics presented by country and year.

The formation of a high-quality and comfortable urban environment is largely linked to the rational use of territories, for which it is necessary to carry out renovations of outdated urban areas, which are becoming not only spatial, urban planning, and architectural, but also an important economic tool for sustainable socio-economic and urban development. This article analyzes renovation as a process of transforming the urban environment aimed at improving the quality of life, the well-being of the population, social inclusion, and cultural continuity. The problems of worn-out housing stock, inefficient use of urban areas, and growing demands for quality of life necessitate a reassessment of urban environment management mechanisms. The article examines approaches to defining the category of "renovation," examines international approaches to renovation, and formulates proposals for their implementation in Uzbekistan.

This article explores the role of fintech services in international financial markets, their development trends, and the emergence of innovative solutions driven by global experience. The author analyzes the role of fintech in the digital economy, highlighting regional characteristics (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, LAMEA) and the growing influence of companies like PayPal, Stripe, Revolut, and Ant Group. Based on statistical data, the article outlines key advantages of fintech services, such as speed, cost reduction, financial inclusion, and innovative product offerings. The conclusion emphasizes the future prospects of the fintech sector and the importance of cooperation between technological innovation and regulatory authorities.

This article examines the issues of improving next-generation banking services in the context of economic transformations. The practice of providing next-generation banking services through modern financial technologies under conditions of digital transformation is analyzed. As a result of the research conducted on the topic, existing problems were identified, and practical proposals and scientific recommendations for their elimination were developed.

The article discusses the theoretical issues of harmonizing the financial accounting system with international requirements and standards in the conditions of the digital economy. The essence of public organizations and the criteria for their inclusion in the category are indicated.

Uzbekistan has accelerated the digitalization of public services through legal reforms, infrastructure investments, and the expansion of unified service channels. However, international research shows that simply increasing the service catalog does not lead to meaningful transformation unless back-office interoperability, data governance, and user-centered design help reduce document burdens and procedural uncertainties. This paper presents a three-wave maturity model of Uzbekistan’s progress: (1) establishing basic infrastructure and internal digitization; (2) platform development and hybrid service delivery via a unified portal and one-stop shops; and (3) moving toward data-driven, proactive services based on life events. Using qualitative analysis of documents, institutional mapping, and benchmarking against OECD/UN/World Bank frameworks, the study links each stage’s enablers to expected outcomes like efficiency, transparency, and inclusion, as well as key risks such as data quality issues, interagency coordination gaps, cybersecurity and privacy threats, and uneven adoption. An analytical matrix highlights priority policy actions, including clearer data stewardship, enforceable interoperability standards, security-by-design, and institutionalized user experience (UX) standards integrated into administrative procedures and remedy mechanisms. Lessons from India’s digital public infrastructure show how reusable core components can accelerate scaling while also heightening governance requirements for accountability and trust.

This article examines the economic essence of the performance efficiency of Islamic financial institutions, their role in the modern financial system, and their significance in financing the real sector of the economy. The paper analyses the fundamental principles of Islamic finance, including the prohibition of riba, gharar and maysir, the reliance of financial transactions on real assets, the equitable distribution of profit and loss, and the compliance of financial operations with Shariah requirements. Particular attention is paid to the economic content, operational mechanisms, risk characteristics and profitability potential of Islamic financial instruments such as musharakah, mudarabah, murabahah, ijarah, salam, istisna, sukuk, qard hasan and takaful. The study substantiates the role of Islamic financial institutions in expanding financial inclusion, supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, financing investment projects and reducing systemic financial risks. The AAOIFI and IFSB international standards are considered important methodological foundations for the legal, accounting and prudential regulation of Islamic financial institutions. The article argues that the efficiency of Islamic financial instruments is reflected in their ability to distribute risks fairly, ensure asset-backed financing, strengthen social responsibility and contribute to sustainable economic development.

This article examines modern trends in youth employment within the context of the digital economy and highlights the importance of digital employment opportunities. The study analyzes the impact of digital transformation on the labor market, the growing demand for digital skills, and the adaptation of young people to the requirements of the digital economy. International experiences, particularly those of Greece and Kyrgyzstan, are reviewed to identify effective mechanisms for developing digital competencies and enhancing youth employment. Based on the research findings, scientific recommendations are proposed to improve youth preparedness for the digital economy, modernize education systems, strengthen public-private partnerships, promote digital entrepreneurship, and ensure digital inclusion.

This study explores how Islamic finance can be effectively introduced in non-Islamic economies, with a focus on Uzbekistan’s legal and economic environment. Through examining global models such as dual banking, hybrid systems, regulatory sandboxes, and institutional frameworks couple with case studies from the UK, Malaysia, Bahrain, Singapore, and Nigeria, the research highlights how diverse jurisdictions have adapted to Shariah-compliant finance. Using a qualitative methodology, it emphasizes the need for regulatory innovation and alignment with Islamic principles. The study offers policy recommendations to support inclusive, ethical, and sustainable financial development, positioning Islamic finance as a strategic tool for economic diversification in Uzbekistan.