This study provides a comparative analysis of innovative development models that have played an important role in the global economy in the 21st century. The article takes an in-depth look at the innovation systems of the United States, the European Union, the Scandinavian countries, South Korea, Singapore, Japan, and Germany. Five main models - open innovation, Triple Helix, cluster innovation, public governance, and corporate strategies - are analyzed based on statistical data for 2024. The results of the study show that each model has its own advantages and is adapted to the institutional environment and economic characteristics of countries. Hybrid models and the integration of sustainable development goals have become the main trends in modern innovation strategies. The recommendations presented for Uzbekistan determine the ways to develop the national innovation ecosystem.

The implementation of cluster strategies and the formation of territorial innovation networks have allowed the development of transnational interactions and the formation of interregional network structures. Based on this, this article reveals the economic content of using the potential of innovation clusters.

In order to enhance regional competitiveness, the development of industrial clusters is regarded as an important strategic direction. This article analyzes, based on a review of literature and statistical data, the theoretical foundations of clustering and Uzbekistan’s experience in implementing industrial clusters. The research results indicate that industrial clusters increase production efficiency in regions, accelerate innovation, and create a basis for the formation of new business entities. The author provides recommendations for the effective use of clustering to improve regional competitiveness.

The article examines the essence of the institutional structure of the national economy, exogenous and endogenous factors affecting its transformation. The article scientifically substantiates one of the forms of successful cooperation between science, business and the state - innovation clusters and public-private partnership (PPP) as priorities for improving the institutional structure of the economy.

In this article, taking into account the identified problems in the development of cities of different administrative ranks, special measures of urban policy are proposed for cities of different ranks. These include: the formation of agglomerations; the transfer of administrative, educational, production facilities outside the city and the transfer of management functions to other structures; the creation of innovative, science-intensive and high-tech activities, innovation-technology clusters; the interaction of nearby territories with cities based on innovative forms of management; the creation of satellite cities; the development of industrial, social, transport, engineering service functions and sectors based on specialization; the development of mechanisms for transferring investments, labor and production resources.