This article discusses one of the methods of Islamic financing – istisna, which is one of the methods of financing financial institutions, and also reveals its essence. The features and specificity of istisna, as a method of financing based on the principles of Islamic economics, are considered. The features of accounting for istisna as a financial instrument, as well as its advantages and disadvantages compared to other financial instruments, in particular, salam, are covered. It also sets out the legal basis and procedures for applying this instrument. The forms of payment in istisna and the sequence of transactions using this instrument are consistently analyzed. Also analyzes the main similarities and differences of the istisna instrument with financial instruments offered by traditional financial institutions. The article concludes with conclusions about the benefits of using the istisna tool.

The article examines the role of green bonds and their subtype, green mortgage-backed securities, in the global financial market, as well as the prospects for their application in Uzbekistan. Green bonds are increasingly used as an important financial instrument that enables investors to channel funds into environmentally sustainable projects. In the United States, green mortgage-backed securities issued by major agencies play a leading role in financing the energy-efficient housing market. The experience of Europe, Canada, and Australia likewise demonstrates the steady international development of this instrument. In Uzbekistan, the green mortgage market is only beginning to take shape, being gradually introduced through national strategies, pilot projects supported by international financial institutions, and commercial bank products. The research findings indicate that green mortgage-backed securities are not only a source of financial returns, but also an important mechanism for combating climate change and supporting the transition to a sustainable economy.

This article discusses the application and modification of lease instrument, which is one of the services of Islamic finance. The important features of financing the lease transaction and the corresponding accounting policy and procedure are described and explained. In particular, it is emphasized that when using lease as an instrument of Islamic finance, the presence of an asset in the lease agreement, full provision of all descriptions and full fulfillment of the terms of the contract are among the most important aspects. In conclusion, it is substantiated that with this type of contract, the amount of fair rent does not lead to unjust enrichment as a result of the exchange of opposite values.

In accordance with the “Financial Instruments: Information Disclosure”
standard No. 7, the article describes the essence, purpose, functions and application aspects of
financial instrument accounting disclosure. In recent years, the variety of financial instruments
and the complexity of their dynamics in financial markets have sharply increased in the world.
This serves to increase the risk of financial instruments. The article describes the types of risks in
accounting for financial instruments and the procedure for explaining them. In the system of
international financial reporting standards, the topic of financial instruments is considered the
most complex. Accounting information for financial instruments requires a large amount of
knowledge and skills. IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures Good disclosure is more of an art
than a science

The article analyzes the economic significance of the Islamic capital market ecosystem and its role in the modern financial system. It examines the development of financial instruments such as sukuk, Islamic stocks, and ETFs, as well as the role of Shariah boards and international institutions in fostering an atmosphere of trust. The research highlights the necessity of introducing innovative financial products and fostering international cooperation for the sustainable development of Islamic capital markets. This market plays a crucial role in the global economy by facilitating investment, fairness, and stability.

The paper examines economic mechanisms of water quota allocation under conditions of increasing water scarcity. Water quota allocation is considered as a key instrument for water distribution, closely linked to tariff regulation, water markets, and water rights. The study explores fixed, adaptive, seasonal, and market-based quota models. A comparative analysis of practices in Australia, Spain, and Chile is conducted, alongside an assessment of challenges related to the allocation of water withdrawal limits in Central Asia. The study concludes that the most sustainable approaches are hybrid models combining state regulation of environmentally acceptable quotas with economic mechanisms for their efficient redistribution among water users.

The article explores the role of communication strategy as an instrument of strategic management in mining companies under conditions of digitalization, institutional transformation, and global challenges, including ESG requirements and corporate governance transparency. The relevance of the research is explained by the ongoing economic and institutional reforms in the Republic of Uzbekistan aimed at ensuring economic openness, attracting investment, and integrating enterprises into the global economic community. Based on theoretical approaches, international experience, and empirical data from JSC Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Company, it is substantiated that a communication strategy not only provides information support but also contributes to managing reputational risks and supporting managerial decision-making.

This article examines the improvement of the taxation mechanism on the property of individuals. In developed countries, property tax on individuals plays a significant role in local budget revenues and holds great importance. When enhancing the property taxation mechanism, it is essential to consider this tax not only as a fiscal instrument but also as a vital tool for ensuring social equity. Based on the analysis conducted, relevant conclusions and recommendations have been formed for improving property taxation on individuals

Environmental risks not only threaten social life, but also cause large financial losses in economic entities. In this area, the introduction of "green" financial instruments is used as an instrument to reduce financial risks. The article analyzes the prospects of the transition to the "green" economy, views on the concept of "green" financing, development trends, financial risks that may arise in the organization of "green" financing, and financial risks that are intended to be eliminated by means of "green" financial instruments.

Sukuk, an integral part of the Islamic financial system, is showing its competitiveness in the traditional securities market line as the source of financing is based on assets. This article examines the scientific research of researchers devoted to a number of issues, such as the history of Islamic securities (sukuk), development trends, directions for its release on a state scale. The analysis was summed up and several additional suggestions were made at the end of the article.

This article provides information on the theoretical foundations, organizational and management system, and principles of practical application of the Islamic financial instrument Ijara (Islamic leasing), as well as the differences between Islamic and traditional leasing. In addition, Islamic finance in Uzbekistan, in particular, the practice of the ijara (Islamic leasing) contract and the possibilities of Islamic finance to attract domestic and foreign investments are presented.

The article analyzes sukuk, which are considered Islamic securities. The experience of foreign countries regarding the issuance and circulation of sukuk has been studied. The author explained his attitude and opinions on the statistical data given in the cross-section of countries and years. Based on the results of the research, conclusions are presented that are considered important for the economy of our country. The article emphasizes the benefits of using the sukuk instrument.