This study examines the impact of the relationship between bank assets and liabilities on bank profitability, highlighting the critical role of effective asset-liability management in financial performance. Banks generate income primarily through interest earned on assets such as loans and investments, while liabilities, including deposits and borrowings, represent the cost of funds. The balance between these two elements determines net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM), both key indicators of profitability. Factors such as interest rate spreads, asset quality, maturity mismatches, and liquidity management significantly influence the bank’s profitability. A well-managed asset-liability mix enhances income stability and reduces risks associated with interest rate fluctuations and liquidity constraints. Conversely, poor management can lead to reduced margins, increased risk exposure, and potential financial instability. Understanding and optimizing the interplay between assets and liabilities is essential for banks to maximize profitability, manage risks, and sustain long-term growth in a competitive and regulated environment. From this point of view, in this article, I tried to reveal the importance of the net interest margin in increasing the profitability of the bank, as well as the state of management of bank assets and liabilities in the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its effect on the efficiency of the banking system.

This article analyzes the conventional and unconventional monetary policy instruments employed by the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2020–2025. The research covers the key interest rate, required reserve ratios, bond issuance, deposit auctions, interest rate corridor, and balance sheet expansion policy. Based on statistical-empirical analysis, the effectiveness of the Central Bank's monetary policy instruments in curbing inflation, stabilizing the national currency, and managing banking system liquidity is evaluated.

This paper discusses the mechanism of transmission of the monetary policy in Uzbekistan in the framework of the inflation targeting (IT) which is officially followed by the Central Bank of Uzbekistan since 2021 (CBU). The analysis indicates that the main refinancing rate is transmitted into the financial system to impact output and prices using methods of Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Structural VAR (SVAR) on quarterly data covering 2010-2023. The results show that interest rate channel is the most effective transmission channel, exchange rate channel comes next and credit channel is limited by structural weakness in the banking sector. The monetary policy shocks explain about 18-22 percent of inflation variance at a 12-month horizon. Some of the major obstacles are dollarization, strong state-owned banking industry, ineffective financial intermediation and low financial literacy. Some of the policy prescriptions include complementary fiscal moderation, faster financial sector reform, and better communication by the central bank.

This article is devoted to the study of financial risks, their classification and management methods. The study examines various types of financial risks, such as credit, currency, interest rate, investment and others, as well as the principles of their systematization and the importance of the right approach to their management. The importance of risk classification for more accurate analysis and development of strategies to reduce them is considered.

This article examines the relationship of the household sector with economic events and processes, as well as its influence on the socio-economic development of the country. It reviews key theories, such as the life cycle theory (Modigliani) and the permanent income hypothesis (Friedman), that explain the saving and consumption behavior of households. It analyzes factors influencing the saving rate, including demographic changes, economic growth, income uncertainty, and interest rates. Particular attention is paid to the role of pension savings, inheritance, and public policy in shaping household financial decisions. The article also touches upon the functioning of the stock market and its interaction with households, as well as the impact of technological and social changes on the saving rate. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of taking into account the historical context and contemporary economic conditions in understanding the dynamics of saving and its role in economic development.

The article highlights the issues of establishing the optimal level of public debt in Uzbekistan, exploring the relationship and coordination between fiscal and monetary policies. Various economic models and indicators are considered, including the inflation rate, unemployment rate, GDP per capita and interest rates. The potential consequences of an excessive increase in public debt are identified, including the risk of default and economic instability.

This article analyzes the behavior of business entities in the investment process in the economic theory of Dj. M. Keynes. The article examines the role of predel efficiency, interest rates and uncertainty as key factors in investment decisions. It also explains how economic activity can increase as a result of initial investment through the Keynesian multiplier model. With the help of modern economic research and criticism, the Keynesian theory will be reviewed more broadly and its adaptation to new conditions will be analyzed.

The article is devoted to the behavior of economic entities in the investment process in the theory of Keynes. In modern conditions of the formation of the information paradigm of socio-economic development, there is a growing interest in the issues of implementing the investment process, which is due, on the one hand, to the transition of all technological systems and complexes from the analog to the digital sphere, and on the other, to the need to stimulate investment of economic entities in order to create a basis for sustainable economic growth.

The article examined the foreign practice of financing Women's Entrepreneurship and the possibilities of its use in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the existing problems are highlighted in this process, and recommendations for their elimination are developed.

The article discusses the risks faced by commercial banks in their daily activities, which can negatively affect the financial condition and stability of banks. Banks face several types of risks in their activities. For this purpose, financial, operational, strategic, reputational, legal, international, natural disaster and environmental risks, medical and health, security, cost, technological risks are studied, and the requirements developed by the Basel Committee for studying the risks of banks are also studied.

This article elucidates the essence, structure, and sources of financial risks within business entities, alongside the mechanisms for their analysis. The study aims to systematise the primary financial risks encountered in business operations, reveal the theoretical and methodological foundations of their assessment, and propose practical management frameworks.

In the article, aimed at determining the role of Islamic financial engineering in economic development and macroeconomic indicators, it is the disclosure of the role of the Islamic financial system and other financial systems in the economic activity of countries through modeling.

The article provides an analysis of the literature on the theoretical foundations of lending mechanisms of commercial banks, as well as their interrelationship with the credit mechanism. Also, the theoretical foundations of external factors influencing the lending mechanisms of commercial banks in the economy are explained, and the aspects that should be paid attention to in practice related to them are highlighted, and appropriate conclusions are presented.