The article examines the scientific and practical aspects of ensuring sanitary and environmental conditions for residents through the optimization of insolation within a microdistrict. It is shown that insolation is one of the key factors in shaping a healthy and comfortable urban environment, directly influencing building energy efficiency, ecological balance, and architectural and urban planning solutions. Calculation methods are proposed based on building geometry, regional climatic features, and the use of mathematical modeling. The interrelations of sanitary, ecological, and demographic conditions in the optimization of microdistrict infrastructure are demonstrated. Practical examples from the city of Tashkent and international experience are analyzed. Recommendations have been developed for integrating insolation requirements into regional urban development programs.