By Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-4400 dated July 23, 2019 ”On measures to increase the popularity of microfinance services“, the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan was entrusted with the task of developing a “national strategy for increasing financial popularity”, which provides for expanding the popularity of financial services and increasing the level of financial literacy of business entities, consumer protection in the provision of financial services. The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan has developed a national strategy to increase the popularity of financial services for 2021-2023. In this strategy, special emphasis is placed on the issues of entrepreneurship development in the country, income growth, and improving financial literacy of the population as an important tool for poverty reduction. It follows from this that in this monographic study, the issues of improving financial literacy of the population have been scientifically and methodically analyzed and practical suggestions and recommendations have been developed.

The article presents an analysis of international standards of financial support for people in need of social protection, focusing on the main principles of the social protection system around the world, international standards, best practices, problems and opportunities for improvement. Drawing on human rights principles, including the right to social security and the right to an adequate standard of living, the study examines the diversity of approaches to financial support across countries, targeting, and eligibility criteria and makes recommendations for strengthening mechanisms for financial support for vulnerable populations.

This article examines the key differences between financial markets and security markets, highlighting their distinct characteristics, dynamics, and implications for market participants. Financial markets are primarily focused on managing market risks, leveraging complex pricing models, and executing trading strategies, with a regulatory framework centered on maintaining overall market stability. In contrast, security markets emphasize company-specific fundamentals, valuation techniques, and portfolio management, within a regulatory environment that prioritizes investor protection and mitigating individual security-related risks. The article discusses the importance of recognizing and adapting to these industry-specific differences in order to make informed decisions and effectively navigate the complexities of each market domain. It underscores the need for continuous learning, adaptability, and the incorporation of industry-specific reports, trends, and best practices. As the financial landscape evolves, with the increasing integration of technology and the growing emphasis on sustainability, the ability to differentiate between financial markets and security markets becomes even more crucial for professionals and investors seeking to optimize their performance and manage risks.

This article provides a scientific-theoretical and empirical analysis of the prospects for the gradual introduction of the state social insurance system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On State Social Insurance” No. ORQ-1101 dated December 9, 2025, mechanisms for covering such social risks as maternity and childbirth benefits, temporary disability benefits, and later unemployment benefits are being introduced starting from 2026. The article examines the limitations of the existing pension system, the economic and social effectiveness of the new system, issues of demographic pressure, and financial sustainability. For the empirical analysis, tables and graphs based on data from the State Statistics Agency, the World Bank, and the International Labour Organization are presented. The research findings indicate that the social insurance system plays a significant role in promoting formal employment, reducing the risk of poverty, and supporting economic growth. However, challenges such as the informal sector and demographic aging need to be addressed.

This article reveals the role of pension provision and compulsory pension insurance in the social protection system of the population in modern states, as well as their significance in ensuring sustainable development. The study conducts a comparative analysis of the levels of compulsory, corporate, and private pension provision, their sources of financing, the range of participants, and functional characteristics using the pension systems of Germany, Italy, and the United States as examples. In addition, the regulatory role of the state in the pension system, the principle of intergenerational solidarity, the importance of funded pension mechanisms, and the impact of population aging on the pension system are highlighted. The article also compares the experience of certain foreign countries according to such criteria as retirement age, minimum insurance record, and the amount of insurance contributions. The current state of the pension system of Uzbekistan is substantiated, along with the factors affecting its financial stability under demographic changes, the need to improve compulsory pension insurance, and the priority directions of reforms. In conclusion, it is noted that the development of the funded component of pensions, the strengthening of actuarial assessment, and the harmonization of compulsory and voluntary pension mechanisms, while adapting international experience to national conditions, contribute to improving the efficiency of the pension system.

This article examines the activities of export credit agencies in providing financial support to exporters in conditions of global competition and market instability. It analyzes government mechanisms for stimulating foreign economic activity, the historical development of the export credit and insurance system, and key trends in the changing strategies of export credit agencies. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of export financing in the context of the global climate agenda and the transition to a green economy.

This article analyzes the importance of innovative projects in municipal services. Based on the experience of the world and Uzbekistan, the study examines the economic, environmental, and social benefits of introducing innovative technologies. Innovative projects, including smart cities, digital management, energy efficiency, and waste recycling, analyze the possibilities of effective resource management, environmental protection, and population well-being through such approaches as smart cities, and digital management. The article also discusses the existing infrastructure, and financial and technological constraints in introducing innovative technologies and provides recommendations for solving these problems.

This article explores the regulatory framework and legal aspects that constitute yhe basis for the evolution of digital lending in the banking sector. In current financial landscape, banks are increasingly using digital technologies to transform retail lending practices. This article explores the digital transformation of retail lending and the legal frameworks that will regulate it, protect consumer rights, and ensure the integrity of financial systems.

The article analyzes the content and significance of the concept of "Practical analysis of pension system financing", income and expenses of the pension fund, financial sources of the pension fund, demographic, economic, social factors affecting the pension fund, state pension provision, funded pension provision, private pension provision, distributed and mixed pension models.

This article talks about laws, decisions and presidential decrees related to the development of small business and entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan. Since the first years of independence, Uzbekistan has paid great attention to the development of the legislation and legal framework for entrepreneurship, the protection of the rights of entrepreneurs, the organization of their financial support, the training and retraining of personnel, and the development of the market infrastructure serving small businesses.