This article reveals the role of pension provision and compulsory pension insurance in the social protection system of the population in modern states, as well as their significance in ensuring sustainable development. The study conducts a comparative analysis of the levels of compulsory, corporate, and private pension provision, their sources of financing, the range of participants, and functional characteristics using the pension systems of Germany, Italy, and the United States as examples. In addition, the regulatory role of the state in the pension system, the principle of intergenerational solidarity, the importance of funded pension mechanisms, and the impact of population aging on the pension system are highlighted. The article also compares the experience of certain foreign countries according to such criteria as retirement age, minimum insurance record, and the amount of insurance contributions. The current state of the pension system of Uzbekistan is substantiated, along with the factors affecting its financial stability under demographic changes, the need to improve compulsory pension insurance, and the priority directions of reforms. In conclusion, it is noted that the development of the funded component of pensions, the strengthening of actuarial assessment, and the harmonization of compulsory and voluntary pension mechanisms, while adapting international experience to national conditions, contribute to improving the efficiency of the pension system.

The article analyzes the content and significance of the concept of "Practical analysis of pension system financing", income and expenses of the pension fund, financial sources of the pension fund, demographic, economic, social factors affecting the pension fund, state pension provision, funded pension provision, private pension provision, distributed and mixed pension models.

This article reveals the problems associated with the pension system and the causes of their occurrence. In particular, problems related to demographic factors, problems related to ensuring the financial stability of the off-budget Pension Fund, problems related to achieving decent pensions, and the causes of problems related to pension coverage were investigated. Based on the results of the study, scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at the development of the national pension system have been developed.

This article reveals the features of pension payments indexation in ensuring the well-being of the population, and analyzes the current state. The experience of foreign countries in pension indexing was also studied, and proposals and recommendations for applying the best foreign experience in our country were developed.

The article highlights the role of the social insurance system in the social protection of the population. The directions of the social insurance system are given. Issues related to the organization of the social insurance system in Uzbekistan are analyzed, problems and shortcomings encountered in the system are described, as well as proposals and recommendations for solving them.

This article provides a scientific-theoretical and empirical analysis of the prospects for the gradual introduction of the state social insurance system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On State Social Insurance” No. ORQ-1101 dated December 9, 2025, mechanisms for covering such social risks as maternity and childbirth benefits, temporary disability benefits, and later unemployment benefits are being introduced starting from 2026. The article examines the limitations of the existing pension system, the economic and social effectiveness of the new system, issues of demographic pressure, and financial sustainability. For the empirical analysis, tables and graphs based on data from the State Statistics Agency, the World Bank, and the International Labour Organization are presented. The research findings indicate that the social insurance system plays a significant role in promoting formal employment, reducing the risk of poverty, and supporting economic growth. However, challenges such as the informal sector and demographic aging need to be addressed.

This article examines the issues of improving the accounting and reporting of expenses for the payment of pensions and benefits by type in extra-budgetary pension funds. As a result of analytical research, scientific proposals and practical recommendations for transforming the accounting and reporting system to international accounting standards have been developed.

This article examines the experience of countries such as the USA, Great Britain, Spain, in the practice of implementing ESOP in business entities, analyzes the state of implementation of this system in Uzbekistan and, based on best practices, provides suggestions and recommendations to accelerate the implementation of ESOP in joint-stock companies with a state share of 50 percent or more.

In the article, the problems in the system of appointment and payment of allowances and material assistance paid through the "Unified Register of Social Protection" IT in social protection of the population, the reforms implemented to eliminate them, proposals and recommendations for making changes to the criteria for the appointment of social allowances are presented.