This article covers the essence of state debt, its types, financial sources, the differences between foreign investment and state external debt. The article also describes in what cases and for what purposes the state resorts to debt obligations. The article analyzes the economic and financial situation of the debts received by Uzbekistan, and indicates from which countries and foreign financial institutions the amount of debt was received. It also provides a statistical analysis of the sectors and areas to which debt obligations received by Uzbekistan are directed.

This article focuses on the fact that our country has a great potential to achieve economic efficiency through the development of tourism. Theoretical justification and development of institutional and economic conditions and mechanisms for the development of ski resorts in the regions of Russia, especially in the North Caucasus and the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia.

This article analyzes the development of the tourism industry, starting from the earliest times, in stages. For this purpose, the most developed points of the world in ancient times were studied, like Mesopotamia, the Nile and Indus valleys, China, ancient Greece and Rome. The historical state of tourism in each of these countries was studied and compared. In addition, factors that directly and indirectly influenced the development of tourism in ancient times were studied. Key innovations that have made a significant contribution to the development of tourism and society were also considered a relevant topic