This article covers stages such as determining nonlinear trends of time series, mathematical modeling, finding trend equations using regression methods, and forecasting. In particular, taking into account the complex dynamics of economic processes, the advantages of exponential, logarithmic, and polynomial models were analyzed. The accuracy and error criteria of the forecast results are considered using practical examples.

The article highlights the significant impact of the introduction of innovation into industry and the transfer of production to a high-tech process on this basis, which in turn has had a significant impact on business development, based on specific analyses of the experience of foreign countries. The importance of attracting innovation to industry in business development was studied. . The experiences of developed countries were presented. What innovative directions and approaches were applied to the development of industry and business in America, Germany, Japan, South Korea, China and France were studied. In these countries, the university-business and state-business principles were mainly used, that is, it was considered important to offer universities scientific developments and startup projects for the production of innovative products in order to bring industry and business to a new level. This process has retained its position even now. Also, the fact that the state strongly protects and encourages business entities in these countries is cited as the most important factor in bringing industry and business to a new level, and analyses show that this is exactly what happens in practice. For us, we have confirmed that the university-business, state-business principle is the most important factor in the development of industry and business. 

The article analyzes the indicators of economic efficiency of foreign investments. Indicators of efficiency and cost of the investment project are calculated, scientific proposals are presented. The efficiency of investment use includes such indicators as the share of investment in GDP, the share of investment in fixed assets, as well as the level of return on investment. These indicators allow you to assess how effectively the collected funds are used and how they affect the economic growth and development of the country.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of digitalization on tourism education and how it enhances workforce competencies for the digital age. A quantitative methodology was employed, utilizing an online survey distributed to 62 respondents, including students, teachers, and professionals in tourism, to gather insights on digital skills and educational adaptations in the sector. The findings reveal that digitalization has significantly transformed tourism education, with respondents emphasizing the importance of digital tools, AI, and personalized services.

The originality of this study lies in its exploration of emerging digital competencies required in the tourism workforce and its contribution to understanding how educational institutions can adapt to the evolving digital demands. It highlights the need for continuous skill development, digital literacy, and the integration of advanced technologies in tourism education to ensure competitiveness in the modern industry.

Which generations should companies and sellers in e-commerce adapt to? This question is becoming increasingly relevant in the face of rapid digital technology development and changing consumer habits. Dividing society into generations helps us better understand people born in the same historical period and identify their cultural and social behavior patterns. In the age of technology, special attention is given to Generations Y, Z, and Alpha, who are considered "digital natives" and are exerting an increasing influence on the market. These consumer groups have unique values, perspectives, and lifestyles, making them key players in e-commerce. The aim of this article is to explore how companies can adapt their strategies to effectively engage with these generations.

The article focuses on the importance of public finance in a market economy, reflects the essence of the reforms carried out by the government of developed foreign countries in the field of improving the efficiency of public finance management at the current stage of the economy, analyzes the results of the rating conducted by international financial organizations in the field of openness of budget indicators. The analysis showed that the promising foreign experience in public finance management is the active introduction of results-based budgeting, the development of a model for evaluating the effectiveness of public finance management, the formation of fiscal rules, improving budget planning, increasing budget transparency, etc.

In the process of reforming the processes of innovative service provision in the production of agricultural products in the republic, based on the existing theoretical and methodological research of the authors in the field of innovative activity of service entities, we will try to bring the entire range of service innovations related to organizational and economic innovations into a certain system and identify the main laws that cause their emergence. However, in order to more deeply understand the role of organizational and economic innovations, it is necessary to understand how this specific object of innovative activity arises and is planned.

This research is aimed at the economic assessment of the share of income of participants in the value chain of walnut cultivation and sale in Samarkand region. Through analysis based on primary and secondary data, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the nut industry have been identified. On the basis of these analyses, suggestions and recommendations were developed for the improvement of value added processes in the value chain. The results of the study shed light on the economic impact of walnut cultivation, processing and export, providing practical recommendations for improving the value chain and increasing the region's competitiveness in global markets.

Research shows that the shadow economy is a collection of unrecorded income, informal employment, and unregulated transactions and it undermines the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies and distorts macroeconomic indicators. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators reflecting inflation and the state of the shadow economy in Uzbekistan, and to identify possible relationships between them.

The article examines the specifics and effectiveness of applying integration mechanisms in sensitive areas of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The focus is placed on analyzing those areas of interaction that require a special approach to regulation and alignment of interests, including trade and economic relations, the energy sector, and migration. An assessment of the existing integration instruments is carried out, and institutional and organizational barriers limiting their effectiveness are identified. Particular attention is given to the potential for further deepening cooperation within the framework of Eurasian integration processes and the search for optimal models of interaction that contribute to the growth of mutual economic benefits. The findings and recommendations obtained may be used in shaping strategies for the development of Russian-Uzbek relations and improving integration policies in the region.

Internationalisation has become a prime factor of competitiveness in the sphere of higher education, shaping global presence, image and abilities to employ graduates. In the case of emerging economies, it presents an opportunity to enter the global academic communities and be rated in world rankings. The aim of this paper is to address the issue of how the internationalisation enhances the competitiveness of universities in Uzbekistan through the interviews held and by referring to the relevant body representatives of different universities. The results indicate that, as much as Uzbek universities have embraced internationalisation, the challenge in their governance, allocation of resources and language capacity still exist. Internationally affiliated institutions like the Westminster International University in Tashkent (WIUT) and Webster University in Tashkent (WUT) can make use of international networks more efficiently in contrast to nationally based universities, which use strategies based on small steps, including the mobility programmes, and faculty training in foreign countries. The paper supports the view that the current internationalisation in Uzbekistan cannot be considered as a sustainable competitiveness issue unless it is integrated into the processes of teaching, research, and governance in the country.

Today in Uzbekistan, as in many countries of the world, great attention is paid to the development of transport logistics. Geographical location of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the center of Central Asia allows the country to effectively use the potential of transport corridors, passing through this region

This article discusses the macroeconomic aspects of leasing investment as a mechanism of modernization of reproduction of the real sector of the economy, as well as its development in the conditions of transformation of the national economy.

The article provides an economic analysis of attracting foreign investment into the economy of our country, uses institutional factors in developing short- and long-term forecasts of foreign investment inflows, and uses indicators of the economic freedom index conducted by the Heritage Foundation to assess institutional factors.

This article analyzes the return on assets (ROA) indicator in determining the efficiency of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. Bank efficiency is important for the stability of the financial system and economic growth. The study analyzed the activities of commercial banks in the country in 1999-2023 based on statistical data, and also examined the differences in efficiency levels depending on the type of ownership of banks. Although the ROA of state-owned banks was low compared to private and foreign banks, private banks showed the highest level of efficiency. In addition, it was noted that the instability of banking activities and the impact of the pandemic negatively affected efficiency. The results of the study make it possible to offer practical recommendations for improving the activities of commercial banks and the efficient use of resources.

This article examines the role of commercial banks in advancing green financing in Uzbekistan amid climate change pressures and the country’s transition to a green economy. The study aims to identify the institutional and market barriers constraining green lending and to formulate practical recommendations tailored to the national financial system. Methodologically, the paper employs a mixed-method approach that combines document analysis, statistical analysis and comparative assessment of international experience. The empirical base includes national policy and statistical materials as well as analytical sources from international development institutions. The article contributes policy-relevant recommendations on taxonomy implementation, ESG disclosure, capacity building, and green mortgage instruments.

In this article, we discuss how digital marketing is important to small businesses based on our survey. We will see factors that help small businesses increase their sales without spending a big amount of resources as businesses did. What are the privileges of digital marketing in the the technologies era and what are the difficulties of online marketing that small businesses face? According to statistics, we will see how methods like content marketing, social media, Facebook ads, and PPC influenced businesses in numbers. So, from this article, you can learn different digital marketing approaches, their importance, and how to overcome challenges.

This study analyzes the dynamics of non-performing loans (NPLs) in state-owned and non-state-owned banks in the banking sector of Uzbekistan using annual and quarterly data for the period 2020-2025. We studied the relationship between total loans issued by commercial banks and NPLs separately, based on the banks' ownership structure. The results indicated that state-owned banks have lower risk management efficiency and are more prone to risk.

For the sustainable and accelerated development of regions in Uzbekistan, it is advisable to introduce a unified system for assessing their comprehensive balanced development, the efficiency of resource utilization, economic, investment, and financial potential, to provide the necessary financial resources and opportunities for regional development, to further enhance the financial independence of local government bodies, and to further expand the scope of scientific research on developing and implementing strategies to ensure the completeness of local budget revenues.  This article covers the issues of sustainable development of regions both theoretically and practically.

This article discusses the scientific and theoretical foundations of the concept of enterprise cash flows, their classification, methods and importance of cash flow management, as well as the sources of cash flow formation. In particular, it emphasizes that a deep understanding of the nature of cash flows and the factors shaping them, along with effective management of cash flows, are among the crucial conditions for ensuring the financial stability, development, and increasing the value of shareholders' equity of an enterprise.

Оur article examines the experience of developed and developing countries, such as the developed countries of the world, the USA, China, Singapore, Ireland, Canada, in attracting foreign investment into our country's economy, developed proposals for the application of methods of attracting investment from China, Singapore, Ireland to our country, considered the issues of effective organization of foreign direct investment with the aim of ensuring their integration into the global economy and the creation of joint modern compact enterprises producing finished products based on the processing of valuable raw materials.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the modern insurance market of Uzbekistan, which is characterized by the growth of the volume of operations, emergence of new directions of insurance activity, aggravation of competition and strengthening of the role of insurance regulator to the situation in the market. It considers the results of the insurance market for the last 4 years, including its main financial indicators and changes in the composition of the main market participants, the policy pursued by the government aimed at raising the insurance market to a new qualitative level and new prospects of development in the conditions of sustainable economic growth of the country.

The tendency towards a digital university is reflected in the strategies of higher education institutions around the world. The current electronic-digital environment of the Higher School of Business and Entrepreneurship was analyzed and its development of digital functionality and the existence of four elements of a digital university were substantiated. As a result of the correct implementation of the digitization strategy of the Higher School of Business and Entrepreneurship, it is emphasized that the competitiveness and image characteristics of the
educational institution will increase.

This article examines the critical role of team performance in achieving organizational success and sustaining competitive advantage. Drawing on multidisciplinary literature, the study conceptualizes team performance as a multidimensional construct encompassing task performance, teamwork and collaboration, adaptability, and contextual performance. The paper highlights how high-performing teams contribute to improved productivity, innovation, quality, efficiency, employee engagement, and customer satisfaction. It further explores key drivers and moderators of team effectiveness, including leadership styles, governance mechanisms, team composition, diversity, psychological safety, and collaboration processes. The research emphasizes the importance of systematic measurement and evaluation using multi-level performance metrics to capture task outputs, process effectiveness, team health, and organizational impact. The study contributes to both theory and practice by offering an integrated perspective on how effective teamwork drives organizational outcomes and provides guidance for managers seeking to optimize team-based structures.

This article discusses in detail the concept of economic efficiency of the railway transport system and its theoretical foundations. The economic efficiency of transport services represents the rational use of transport resources and the ability to have a positive impact on national economic growth. This article reviews important aspects of international and local experience. It also identifies the main indicators and criteria used to assess economic efficiency. The results of the study serve as an important scientific basis for developing strategies aimed at developing the railway transport system. The article analyzes the concept of economic efficiency and modern approaches to its assessment.