Purpose: This study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between the volume of exports (Y) and freight turnover on railways (X) through a paired linear regression model. The purpose is to discern the quantitative impact of railway freight turnover on a nation's export volumes and offer insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the transportation and trade sectors. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research design is employed, utilizing historical data spanning from 2000 to 2022. The chosen methodology involves the estimation of a paired linear regression model using the method of least squares. Statistical significance is tested through the coefficient of determination, Fisher's F-test, and an examination of heteroskedasticity. Elasticity analysis, rank correlation, and graphical assessments of residuals provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship. Findings: The research reveals a strong and statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.92) between export volumes and railway freight turnover. The regression model, validated through multiple tests, explains 84.72% of the variability in export volumes. Economic interpretation indicates that a one-unit increase in railway freight turnover leads to a substantial average increase of 1627720.728 units in export volumes. The absence of heteroskedasticity reinforces the robustness of the model.

This article analyzes the problems of organizing international cargo transportation. It is noted that the economic indicators of the transport terminal system in international cargo transportation depend on the following indicators: the level of use of modern methods of organizing and planning rolling stock, as well as the growth rate of indicators of motor transport enterprises, the lack of a market for transport forwarding and customs warehouse services, in connection with this terminal business in all countries of the world is a large process of integration into logistics companies and transport and distribution centers.

Настоящее исследование посвящено эмпирическому изучению динамики использования одного из значимых финансовых преимуществ института уполномоченного экономического оператора (УЭО), внедрённого в Республике Узбекистан с 2019 года, а именно механизма отсрочки уплаты таможенных платежей. Анализ, проведённый на основе данных грузовых таможенных деклараций 96 действующих предприятий, имеющих статус УЭО, за 2021–2025 годы, показал, что доля сумм таможенных платежей, уплаченных с отсрочкой, увеличилась с 9,95% в 2021 году до 33,66% в 2023 году, после чего стабилизировалась на уровне 24,51% в 2025 году. В разрезе категорий выявлена выраженная дифференциация: предприятия I категории используют льготу по отсрочке уплаты таможенных платежей на уровне 9,9%, тогда как предприятия более высоких категорий — I и II, II, III категорий — на уровне 28,9%.

This article defines the concept of migration. It examines the factors influencing population migration and provides a statistical analysis of migration processes in Uzbekistan. Directions for measures to regulate labor migration are also developed. Furthermore, the article studies the methods used by foreign countries to directly influence the regulation of migration processes and analyzes global experience in this field. The interrelationship of labor force transformation in the context of migration and employment is also explored.

The proposed methodology for improving freight delivery enables the calculation of all types of shipments and reduces delivery time. It defines the decision-making process during the execution of various operations at stations. A model based on mathematical modeling of the technological process dependency is proposed for making effective decisions. To verify the methodology for standardizing transportation duration, it is necessary to organize the process considering the delay of each technological operation. The main reason for applying standards is to accelerate cargo delivery and ensure the proper distribution of penalties among railways for late delivery. In turn, this will help develop contractual relationships with clients and improve the overall system.

The role of logistics in world trade and economic development is studied in the article. Logistics plays an important role in facilitating trade, reducing costs and promoting economic growth. By effectively managing transportation, warehousing, inventory, and information systems, logistics ensures the seamless flow of goods, services, and information throughout the supply chain. In the article, the literature of economists on the subject is studied, and a conclusion is formed at the end.

In the article, research was conducted on the theoretical foundations of logistics and its role in the world economy, comments from the researches of economists were presented, and a conclusion was formed at the end of the topic.