This article comparatively analyses financial management models in higher education institutions of the United States, Germany, South Korea and Finland, drawing on official financial reports and international organisation data. The study reveals key principles of foreign practice in revenue diversification, performance-based funding, competitive grant programmes and digital budget management. The findings are summarised as evidence-based practical recommendations for Uzbekistan's higher education institutions

In the context of the transformation of the global economic environment, the accelerating processes of globalization, and the integration of international financial and economic systems, the significance of non-financial determinants of business value within the architecture of strategic management is substantially increasing. Organizational and corporate culture is acquiring the status of a system-forming factor of value-based management, shaping long-term competitive advantages, strengthening the company’s market identity, and enhancing its investment capitalization. This highlights the necessity of a comprehensive analysis of the institutional forms of corporate culture, the development of innovative tools for its integration into business value management systems, as well as the implementation of multi-level assessments of its effectiveness under contemporary economic transformations.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida oilaviy tadbirkorlik faoliyatini samarali boshqarish mexanizmlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tez o‘zgarib borayotgan iqtisodiy sharoitda oilaviy tadbirkorlik mamlakat iqtisodiyotini barqaror rivojlantirishning muhim elementiga aylanib bormoqda. Muallif zamonaviy boshqaruv modellarini tahlil qiladi, oilaviy biznes duch keladigan asosiy muammo va qiyinchiliklarni aniqlaydi, shuningdek, ularni optimallashtirish bo'yicha tavsiyalar beradi. Innovatsion strategiyalarni amalga oshirish, raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish va bozor talablariga moslashishga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda.

Investments are one of the important factors determining the level of economic growth. The article analyzes the impact of centralized, decentralized investments and investments attracted on the basis of foreign credit on ensuring economic growth in our republic, as well as their econometric modeling. The relationship between investments and the level of economic growth was also analyzed by creating a multifactor econometric model.

Currently, the issues of improving the financial planning system, which is the main functional element of financial management, are widely studied all over the world. In particular, in the context of a global pandemic, targeted research is being conducted on the formation of a financial planning system capable of quickly adapting to changing conditions in foreign markets and its perfect model in combination with strategic plans. Also, one of the main functional elements of financial management is focused on improving the organizational architecture of financial diagnostics, which embodies a wide range of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of financial and economic activities of companies.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its implementation through various models in global business. The main CSR models used in Europe, the USA, Great Britain, Japan and Canada are considered, each of which has its own unique features reflecting cultural, economic and political conditions. In addition, the article emphasizes that in crisis situations, CSR becomes an important mechanism that connects business, society and nature. At such moments, social responsibility becomes not only a tool for adaptation and survival, but also a basis for further development.

This article analyzes various methods and ways to enhance the efficiency of foodservice enterprises. Specifically, it focuses on family-run businesses, examining how to improve productivity, reduce costs, and maximize profitability. The article provides practical recommendations for increasing competitiveness in the foodservice sector, implementing innovative technologies, improving employee qualifications, and effective management. Additionally, it highlights the importance of specialized marketing strategies tailored for family-owned businesses.

The article highlights the importance of effective cash flow management in ensuring the financial stability of joint-stock companies. In today's economic conditions, especially for enterprises with large production volumes, along with net profit, the proper organization of real cash flows is one of the main factors of financial security. The study examined the dynamics of cash flow indicators, their relationship with the level of debt, profitability, and solvency. In particular, the possibilities of a real assessment of the financial condition of a joint-stock company through the efficiency of net cash flow, profitability, and solvency coefficients are revealed. Based on the results of the article, conclusions and proposals were developed, aimed at improving the mechanisms of financial management for joint-stock companies.

In recent years, the intensification of global financial instability has posed significant challenges to banking markets. In response, commercial banks have placed particular emphasis on enhancing their resilience to economic fluctuations. According to expert forecasts, activity in the global banking sector is expected to increase substantially in 2025–2026. Notably, inflation in the Eurozone in 2024 is projected to be around 2.3% instead of the previously forecast 2.7%. Financial stability, however, remains tied to moderate growth prospects. Various models typically chosen or approved by regulators are used to assess banks’ stability. Contemporary research focuses on improving existing methodologies and financial stability indicators in light of changes in the global macroeconomic environment, raising capital adequacy requirements for banks, and enhancing tools for forecasting their future performance. At the same time, the adoption of new technologies and financial instruments is accelerating banks’ digital transformation and the automation of their business processes. This article offers a comprehensive study of the means and mechanisms for ensuring the financial stability of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. Its primary objective is to analyze the state of the banking sector and identify ways to strengthen its resilience, drawing on global best practices and national specificities. To achieve this, both scientific-pedagogical methods (historical-comparative analysis, structural-logical research) and empirical approaches (statistics from regulatory documents and bank reports, expert surveys) are employed.

School-Based Management (SBM) represents a form of decentralization of central government authority to the school level, aimed at enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of the education system. Theoretically, SBM is grounded in three key institutional incentives: choice and competition, school autonomy, and accountability. Its practical forms vary according to the scope of authority (weak/strong) and the decision-making actors (administrative, professional, community, or balanced). Research conducted on the implementation of marketing services and strategic management in the governance of general secondary schools (GSS) in Uzbekistan demonstrates that the effectiveness of managerial activities of school leaders can be increased by 15% to 22%. It is also emphasized that significant positive effects of SBM reforms on student achievement require a longer timeframe (5 to 8 years), as well as the continuous development of managerial competencies among school leaders.

This article analyzes the risks involved in financing innovation projects and the methods of managing them, as well as the mechanisms for effective investment flow management. Based on global and local experiences, it examines models of innovation support through venture capital, startup funds, government grants, and other financial sources. The study covers the main components of risk management like probability assessment, insurance, diversification, and monitoring systems. Practical recommendations for improving the system in the context of Uzbekistan are developed

In addition to machinery and equipment, finished metal products, computers, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment, machinery and equipment not included in other categories, vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, production of other transport equipment and repair of machinery and equipment are scientifically analyzed. Moreover, the article analyzes the development of the “driver” areas of the industry in the strategy of Uzbekistan-2030 and the full employment of the industrial potential of the regions, increasing share of the production of food, beverages and tobacco products in the industrial structure of the production industry and the automotive industry

In the article, the problems of improving the theory and methodology of forming the financial policy of the enterprise at the current stage of economic liberalization and modernization in the Republic of Uzbekistan are studied. The advantages and specific features of improving the theory and methodology of the formation of the financial policy of the enterprise in the prospects of the socio-economic development of the country are scientifically substantiated. Possibilities of improving the theory and methodology of the formation of the company's financial policy in the corporate financial management system of the Republic of Uzbekistan were studied and recommendations were developed.

This article analyzes the role and importance of digital transformation in the sustainable development of the regional economy theoretically and methodologically. The impact of digital technologies - artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, IoT and electronic platforms on regional economic systems is studied, and their role in the efficient use of resources, increasing production productivity, enhancing investment attractiveness and ensuring socio-economic stability is substantiated. The study examines the institutional, economic and social aspects of digital transformation in regional development based on an integrated approach. The results obtained indicate the possibilities of reducing interregional disparities and achieving sustainable economic growth through the digitalization of regional policy.

This paper analyzes the key criteria of sustainability reporting and the internationally widely applied standards, including GRI (Global Reporting Initiative), IFRS S1 and IFRS S2, as well as the recommendations of the TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures). The role of sustainability reporting in assessing the long-term sustainability of organizational activities through environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators is highlighted. The stakeholder-oriented nature of the GRI standards, the focus of IFRS S1 and S2 standards on the disclosure of financially material sustainability- and climate-related risks and opportunities, and the role of TCFD recommendations in climate risk management are examined. The findings of the study contribute to identifying the importance of international standards in the development of sustainability reporting

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of dividend policy in joint-stock companies, the mechanism of profit distribution, and the issues of reflecting dividend payments in accounting. The impact of dividend policy on financial stability, investment potential, and capital structure is substantiated. The correspondence of accounts involved in profit distribution and practical problems of dividend accounting are examined. The introduction of a separate working account for recording unclaimed dividends is proposed. The results confirm the necessity of aligning dividend policy with the actual financial condition of the enterprise

This paper analyzes the causes of challenges in implementing inclusivity in modern service-sector companies in Uzbekistan, which undoubtedly exist and hinder these organizations from realizing their full potential. It also examines the consequences of the lack of inclusivity in service enterprises. In addition, the article provides a detailed analysis of the opportunities and advantages of implementing inclusivity policies for service companies in Uzbekistan

This article provides a systematic investigation into the cognitive determinants that govern the transformation of subjective risk within entrepreneurial activities. Within the framework of this research, the deterministic role of cognitive biases, heuristic methods, and psychological predispositions in constructing the architecture of subjective risk during the decision-making process is elucidated

This article examines the modeling of climate change-related financial risks in Uzbekistan. Based on official reports from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Central Bank of Uzbekistan, the country's vulnerability level to climate change is determined and the current state of climate risk management in the banking sector is assessed. The physical and transition components of climate risks and practical possibilities for their modeling using stress testing and Climate VaR methodologies are explored. Based on the research findings, scientific conclusions and practical recommendations for integrating climate risks into Uzbekistan's financial system and developing green finance are formulated

In this article, the author explores the specific significance, role, nature, and characteristics of the service sector. The role and significance of the service sector in the economy are explored, a statistical analysis is conducted, and the author develops proposals and recommendations

This article, structured according to IMRAD methodology, analyzes the importance of the Risk Management System (RMS) in regulating foreign economic activity. In particular, its role in optimizing customs control, accelerating export operations, and ensuring economic security is scientifically examined. Based on empirical data analysis and regulatory framework review, practical proposals are developed for improving the RMS

This article examines the financing trends of business models of innovative entrepreneurship subjects, particularly startup ecosystems, in the national economy and mechanisms for assessing related risks. The support framework for startup projects through traditional and alternative financial instruments (venture capital, crowdfunding) under current digital transformation has been systematically analyzed. The results show that the sustainability of innovative business models depends on the correct forecasting of their financial flows and strategies for minimizing specific risk factors. In conclusion, practical proposals have been developed to increase the financial sustainability of national startup projects and reduce risks in their business models

The article provides a scientific analysis of the main factors influencing the emergence of crisis situations in commercial banks. It substantiates that a banking crisis is directly related to the quality of the loan portfolio, liquidity, capital adequacy, deposit stability, interest rate risk and currency risk. Based on statistical data on the banking system of Uzbekistan for 2024-2025, the article analyzes non-performing loans, assets, deposits and capital indicators. The findings show that assessing crisis risk in commercial banks should rely not on separate indicators, but on a comprehensive risk management approach

This article examines the key risks faced by banks in forming green credit portfolios and identifies effective strategies for risk management. Drawing on international experience, the study analyzes the nature of credit, climate, transition, technological, operational, market, and greenwashing risks. The findings demonstrate that green loans possess a more complex risk profile compared to traditional lending and require the implementation of environmental taxonomies, energy-efficiency certification, independent audits, and state-supported financing mechanisms. For Uzbekistan, adopting these tools can improve the quality of bank credit portfolios, reduce environmental risks, and accelerate the country’s green economic transition.